焦化废水胁迫对玉米幼苗生长和抗氧化系统的影响

针对焦化废水污染现状,采用水培试验,研究了不同体积浓度焦化废水对玉米幼苗生长、生物量、抗氧化酶活性及非酶类抗氧化物质含量的影响,以期为焦化废水的毒性检测及生物监控指标的确定提供理论依据。结果表明,焦化废水经过A2/O工艺处理后,仍然能够显著抑制玉米幼苗的生长和生物量,且该抑制作用表现为对处理浓度和作用时间的双重依赖,处理浓度增大或作用时间延长对玉米幼苗生长和生物量的抑制作用增强;同时,经焦化废水处理后,染毒组玉米幼苗抗坏血酸(AsA)含量和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性明显增高,而谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性却降低。这一结果提示,焦化废水经过处理后,CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、挥发酚、氰化物、硫化物、油等物理化学指标大幅降低,但其生态风险依然存在。     

木薯酒精废水脱色菌的筛选及脱色条件研究

[目的]筛选出高效的木薯酒精废水脱色菌,并探索其最佳脱色条件。[方法]分别从华南理工大学环境学院、猎德污水处理厂取得污泥,经过分离纯化和初步筛选,得到对木薯酒精废水具有脱色作用、且脱色效果稳定的1株菌株,并通过单因素试验研究以其作为出发菌的最佳脱色条件。[结果]分离纯化和初步筛选结果表明,猎德污水处理厂的9号菌脱色效率最高,为20.3%;以9号菌作为出发菌的脱色单因素试验结果表明,9号菌的最佳接种和脱色时间分别为16 h和24 h;9号菌最佳脱色条件为：以葡萄糖为外加碳源,以NaNO2为外加氮源,好氧条件,温度30℃;在该最佳条件下,其脱色能力达29.6%。[结论]单一菌种的脱色能力有限,该研究为获得脱色能力较好的复合菌群奠定了基础。     

固定化藻菌去除淡水养殖废水氨氮效果及模型拟建

[目的]研究固定化藻菌去除水养殖废水氨氮效果及模型拟建.[方法]利用固定化藻菌(ABI)处理淡水养殖废水中的氨氮,采用多因子正交试验得到温度(T)、PH、光照强度(I)、溶解氧(DO)和填充率五因子与氨氮去除率(AR)之间的关系数据,拟建五因子与氨氮去除率关系模型.[结果]五因子对氨氮去除率均具有显著影响,最佳去氮氮组合为,温度30℃、pH值7.0、光照强度6 000 lx、溶解氧5.0 mg/L、填充率10%.根据实验数据拟建的方程模型决定系数R2=0.864 8,相伴概率P<0.05,对氨氮去除率的模型预测值与实际测值进行样本T-检验,结果表明总体均值差异显著值sig.为0.978(P>0.05),模型预测值与实际测值数据组无显著性差异,模型具有较高拟合度.[结论]为实现养殖废水中氨氮去除或浓度降低提供参考依据. Abstract： Applied Immobilized algae bacteria (ABI) to remove ammonia of freshwater aquaculture wastewater.Temperature (T),PH,light intensity (I),dissolved oxygen (DO) and filling rate five factors plays important role in the process of ammonia nitrogen removal,related data between ammonia removal and five factors was received through multi-factor orthogonal test,and established relations model between the five factor and nitrogen removal.The results show that five-factors had significant effect on AR,and the best combinations for removing AR was temperature 30 ℃,pH=7.0,light intensity 6 000 lux,dissolved oxygen 5.0 mg/L and the fill rate 10%.According to the experimental data,equation model was proposed and coefficient of determination R2=0.864 8,P<0O.05.Samples T-test was done between the model predictions and the actual measured values.Test results showed that the significant difference of overall mean value sig.(2-tailed) was 0.978 (P>0.05),it Shows that had no significant difference between model predictions and the actual measured value,and model had a high degree of fitting.     

制糖业废渣和废液发酵制复混肥研究

研究了一种用发酵法处理制糖废渣和废液的技术。通过试验,得到了生产工艺条件。其技术工艺简单,运行成本低,处理量大,产物为有机-无机复混肥,达到了变废为宝的目的。     

Forest utilization patterns and socio-economic status of the Van Gujjar tribe in sub-Himalayan tracts of Uttarakhand, India

The present study was conducted on the Van Gujjar tribe inhabiting a sub-Himalayan tract in the North Western Himalayas of Uttarakhand State,India.The Van Gujjars have been practicing transmigration over hundreds of years.They migrate each year with their households and livestock between summer and winter pastures.A few years ago with the announcement of the establishment of the Rajaji National Park,the tribe has been forced out of the forest area and rehabilitated outside the park,which has affected their lifestyle.The newly established rehabilitation colony in the Gandikhata area of Haridwar District of Uttarakhand State was taken as a case study.The aims of the present study were to understand and evaluate the socio-economic status of the Van Gujjars in their newly established rehabilitation colony,the utilization pattern of forest resources by the tribe and their relative preference for selective trees for various uses.A total of 176 households were interviewed (giving equal weight to all economic classes and family every size) by using pre-structured questionnaires.The education level was very low (12.9%) and the average income per household was recorded as Rs.36000 (approximately $ 803) per year.The major source of income was dairy production (80.6%) followed by labor employment (13.9%),NTFPs (4.2%) and agricultural production (1.4%).More than 90% of fuel wood and fodder is extracted from the forest.The average fuel wood and fodder consumptions per household per day were recorded as 25.86 and 21.58 kg,respectively.A total of 35 species of cultivated plants and 89 species of wild plants were found to be utilized as food sources.Selectively 25 wild tree species are well known as being used by the Van Gujjars as fodder,fuel wood,agricultural implements,household articles,dye,medicine,fiber and other products.According to their utility value,the most preferred and useful tree species is Ougeinia oojeinensis,followed by Terminalia alata,Bombax ceiba,Shorea robusta and Dalbergia sissoo.     

宜兴市官林污水处理厂工艺设计

介绍了宜兴市官林污水处理厂的工艺设计过程，该污水厂针对处理对象的水量和水质采用了循环式活性污泥法。     

城镇污水处理厂设计的几点体会

针对城镇污水处理厂的设计,结合处理厂的选址、卫生防护距离、工艺选择和冬季出水结冰问题进行分析,并提出解决办法。     

干旱荒漠区污水灌溉山地园林土壤养分的空间变异特征

以乌鲁木齐市雅玛里克山污水灌溉区为例,采用地统计学方法研究了干旱荒漠区山地园林污灌区土壤中的6种土壤养分指标全N、全P、全K、速效N、速效P、速效K的空间变异特征。结果表明,6种土壤养分指标的变异系数在8.34%～39.68%之间,全N、全P、速效P服从正态分布,全K、速效N、速效K服从对数正态分布。所有养分的块金值与基台值之比都在25%以下,说明结构性因素控制这些养分的含量分布,导致样点之间的空间自相关作用强。土壤养分的相关距变化范围为19.1～116.7 m。因为灌溉污水的影响,强矿化作用使得全N、速效N在质地粗轻的山坡含量较高,而氨挥发则造成全N、速效N在质地细重的谷地含量较低,偏弱碱性的污水加剧了P的固定,使研究区内全P、速效P含量整体偏低,但同时偏弱碱性的污水促进了K的释放,使速效K含量明显提高。污灌能促进速效养分的释放,使养分之间具有一定相关关系。     

农药废水对秀丽隐杆线虫毒性效应及其主要有毒组分

应用battery生物测试法,检测研究农药废水对秀丽隐杆线虫的生命周期、繁殖速率、生殖能力、头摆和身体弯曲频率等影响的生物毒性,及其引发生物毒性的主要有机污染物。结果表明,在已经达到国家废水排放标准[GB 8978—1996]情况下,处理出水对受试动物仍然存在致毒效应;线虫的世代周期对进水的毒性最为敏感,产卵数量对出水的毒性最为敏感;进水毒性主要来自易受酸性调节影响的有机污染物,出水毒性主要来自易受碱性调节影响的有机污染物。结果表明,该项生物测试的毒性参数,可用于指示存在于低CODCr废水中的生物毒性;所用的毒性鉴别评价（TIE）方法,可用于鉴别废水中引发致毒效应的关键污染物。废水中悬浮颗粒污染物的生物毒性至关重要,尚未研究,有待继续。     

猪场废水灌溉对潮土酶活性的影响

通过天津杨柳青镇田间小区试验,研究了猪场废水原水、厌氧出水和仿生态塘与地下水稀释（1：5）灌溉以及厌氧出水高、中、低定额灌溉对潮土0～20cm和20～40cm土层的土壤脲酶、转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性及土壤有机碳和全氮的影响。结果表明,猪场废水灌溉显著增加土壤有机碳和全氮含量;中量厌氧水灌溉增强土壤脲酶、转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性,过高或过低量厌氧水灌溉降低土壤酶活性;原水、厌氧出水和仿生态塘水稀释灌溉对土壤酶活性也有显著影响;与对照（正常施肥和灌溉）相比,仿生态塘水稀释灌溉促进土壤脲酶活性;所有的稀释灌溉处理对土壤转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有抑制趋势,但其中仿生态塘水稀释灌溉处理的降幅较小。建议适宜的猪场养殖废水厌氧出水灌水定额为500m^3·hm^-2,适宜的稀释灌溉处理为仿生态塘水与地下水1：5的稀释比例。