近50年陕西省无霜期的变化及果区霜冻风险分布

利用陕西省96个气象台站1961～2010年的日最低气温资料,计算了陕西各站历年霜冻的初日、终日及无霜期,并对其分布特征及年际变化进行分析。结果显示,陕西省初霜日、终霜日、无霜期等值线在陕北大致呈经向分布,在关中和陕南大致呈纬向分布;50年间,全省96站初霜日最早和最晚平均值相差44天,终霜日最早和最晚平均值相差49天,无霜期最长和最短天数平均值相差68天;全省平均初霜日呈推迟趋势,推迟幅度约为1.4天/10年;平均终霜日呈提前趋势,提前幅度约为1.7天/10年;平均无霜期呈加长趋势,加长幅度约为3.1天/10年。最后依据风险分析理论对陕西多个苹果基地县进行了花期霜冻风险分析,得出其风险的空间分布特点,结论对精确指导和开展防灾减灾工作有参考作用。     

黑龙江省低温冷害风险评估与区划研究

黑龙江省是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,也是低温冷害发生比较频繁的地区之一,研究低温冷害发生的风险水平及其空间分布,是各级政府部门进行防灾减灾的重要依据。文中采用自然灾害风险指数法、层次分析法和加权综合评价法,在计算黑龙江省各县市低温冷害的危险性、暴露性和脆弱性的基础上,通过计算黑龙江省低温冷害风险指数LCDR Ii,对黑龙江省低温冷害进行风险评估与区划研究。研究结果表明:黑龙江省低温冷害高风险区主要集中分布于黑龙江省西北部漠河县和塔河县,这一地区应该成为黑龙江省防御低温冷害的重点;黑龙江省低温冷害中风险区零星分布于黑龙江省各个地区,这些地区承灾体的脆弱性较大,所以低温冷害风险较大;黑龙江省低温冷害低风险区主要成片分布于黑龙江省中部和西部地区,轻风险区主要分布于黑龙江省中西部地区、东部地区和南部地区,这些地区低温冷害发生风险较低。     

桃潜叶蛾发生及防治技术研究

桃潜叶蛾在平谷县以成虫越冬,１ａ发生６代。成虫有多次交尾习性,趋光性强,迁移能力较强。幼虫可为害桃、杏、李及榆叶梅等叶片,幼虫天敌优势种为姬小蜂,寄生率可达３６．６％。叶片受害后,光合强度降低２０．８％,产量降低１８．３％。生产上,５月下旬桃潜叶蛾性诱剂诱蛾高峰日,用２５％灭幼脲Ⅲ号悬浮剂１５００～２０００倍液防治;８月中下旬,性诱剂诱蛾激增日开始调查虫（卵）叶率,超过５％时,用２５％灭幼脲Ⅲ号悬浮剂１５００～２０００倍液,加８０％敌敌畏乳油１０００倍液或５％高效氯氰菊酯乳油１５００倍液防治,好叶率可达９５％以上。     

Evaluation on the Damage Evolution of the CRCP+AC Composite Pavement by the Concrete Dameged Plasticity Material Model

In the study on the CRCP+AC composite pavement, the form and distribution pattern of cracks are two important factors influencing the performance and the lifetime of the pavement. The concrete damaged plasticity material model incorporated in the general purpose finite element software named ABAUQS was adopted to describe the mechanical characteristics of the CRC slab. Combining with the temperature field database drawn from the three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis, the structural damage under the condition of temperature changing is analyzed. The structural damage evolution and the crack behavior of the CRC slab subjected to the thermal-mechanical coupling condition are further analyzed, which suggests that the role of the asphalt concrete surface is not confined only to the scope of improving the performance of the road, its capacity for improving the stress state of CRCP slab is worthwhile to be affirmed. And the reasonable thickness of AC layer should be designed in consideration of the thermal contraction and damage properties of the CRC slab comprehensively.     

Metabolism of flupyrazofos in the isolated perfused rat liver

To investigate the hepatic metabolism of the new insecticide flupyrazofos [O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-5-yl) phosphorothioate], isolated rat liver was perfused with flupyrazofos under single-pass conditions. In outflow perfusate and bile, 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-hydroxyprazole (PTMHP), PTMHP-sulfate and PTMHP-glucuronide conjugates were identified as the metabolites of flupyrazofos. However, O,O-diethyl O-(1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazol-5-yl) phosphate (flupyrazofos oxon) was not detected. A HPLC method with UV detection was used to investigate the hepatic disposition of flupyrazofos and its metabolite PTMHP. The concentrations of flupyrazofos, PTMHP and PTMHP conjugates in outflow perfusate reached steady-state levels within 20 min after commencing perfusion of 7.3 microM flupyrazofos. At steady state, the mean extraction ratio of flupyrazofos was 0.93 (+/- 0.01) and clearance was 26.1 (+/- 0.2) ml min-1 which nearly approached perfusate flow rate (28 ml min-1). PTMHP accounted for 55.7 (+/- 5.8)% of eliminated flupyrazofos and was recovered as unchanged PTMHP, PTMHP-sulfate and PTMHP-glucuronide in the bile as well as the outflow perfusate.     

Effect of catheter size and injection rate of contrast agent on enhancement and image quality for triple‐phase helical computed tomography of the liver in small dogs

Rapid contrast injection is recommended for triple‐phase helical computed tomography (CT) of the liver. However, a large‐gauge catheter is needed for faster contrast injection and this is not practical for small breed dogs or cats. The purpose of this crossover group study was to evaluate applicability of a lower injection rate with a small‐gauge (G) catheter for triple‐phase hepatic CT in small dogs. Triple‐phase CT images were acquired for six beagle dogs using three protocols: an injection rate of 1.5 ml/s with a 24 G catheter, 3.0 ml/s with a 22 G catheter, and 4.5 ml/s with a 20 G catheter. Enhancement of the aorta, portal vein, and hepatic parenchyma was measured in each phase (arterial, portal, and delayed) and image quality was scored subjectively by two observers. Injection duration, time to scan delay, and time to peak enhancement were also recorded. Contrast injection duration decreased with a higher injection rate (n = 6, P ≤ 0.01), but time to peak enhancement and time to scan delay were not significantly affected by injection rates and catheter sizes. Contrast injection rate did not significantly affect aortic, portal, and hepatic enhancement. In addition, separation between each phase and quality of images was subjectively scored as good regardless of injection rate. Findings from the current study supported using an injection rate of 1.5 ml/s with a catheter size of 24 G for triple‐phase hepatic CT in small dogs (weight < 12 kg).     

1971-2016年寒地大豆霜冻害时空演变特征及对产量影响

为研究寒地大豆霜冻害演变特征,利用黑龙江省大豆主产区59个气象观测站1971-2016年逐日日最低气温资料和大豆发育期资料,基于作物霜冻害等级气象行业标准,采用数理统计和墨西哥帽小波法分析大豆乳熟期轻、中、重霜冻害的空间分布特征及时间变化规律,并统计分析研究区各站霜冻害发生年份的产量增(减)状况。结果表明:1971-2016年,黑龙江省西北部、三江平原西北部及牡丹江半山区等地为寒地大豆乳熟期霜冻主要发生区域。大豆乳熟期轻度、中度、重度霜冻害在1971-1980年发生范围最广、发生频率最高,2011-2016年发生范围及频率最小。寒地大豆乳熟期霜冻害发生存在3～5年短期振荡周期和20年左右的中期振荡周期。1971-2016年,霜冻对大豆产量的影响在一定程度上以负效应为主。对典型站分析结果表明,大豆乳熟期霜冻害出现日期越早对产量的负效应越大。霜冻害对大豆产量的影响为霜冻等级及出现日期的协同作用。研究结果对寒地大豆安全生产及防灾减灾具有重要意义。     

Experimental Analysis of Fire Resistant Performance of Concrete Frame with Damage Caused by Weak Earthquake

Two monolayer concrete frames with the same reinforcement, KJ1 and KJ2, were designed. KJ1 was designed to simulate low cyclic reversed loading test under weak earthquake. Besides, the fire response test, including temperature rising and lowing, was made by fixing the axial compression ratio of the column. For KJ2, the fire response test at the fixed axial compression ratio was made. The deformation response of the concrete frames in fire was studied. Comparative analysis of the apparent phenomenon, temperature curves, bearing capacity change of the frames were made based on the test results of KJ1 and KJ2. According to the simplified temperature distribution, the ultimate bearing capacity of the column under the high temperature was preliminarily determined. It is illustrated that the calculation results and finally test phenomenon are consistent according to the simplified section.