可可液块酶解工艺研究

研究了用蛋白酶和脂肪酶酶解可可液块,以增加其风味的酶解工艺。结果表明,可可液块经蛋白酶和脂肪酶的酶解,可有效提高其风味。正交试验优化后的酶解工艺为:从追求风味上原料可选大明可可液块;蛋白酶使用风味酶,添加量为0.2%,脂肪酶使用脂肪酶AY,添加量为0.4%,两种酶的添加比例为1:2;酶解温度45℃;酶解时间18h。     

不同控氮比掺混肥及其运筹方式对土壤磷钾养分和利用率的影响

通过田间试验方法研究了不同控氮比掺混肥(非控、半控和全控)和运筹方式(基施、基施和追施结合)在玉米种植过程中对土壤速效磷、钾养分供应及其利用率的影响。结果表明:控氮比52.5%掺混肥在基施运筹方式下,能够保证玉米各生育阶段尤其是生长发育中后期的土壤磷、钾养分供应,其磷素利用率最高,与其他控氮比掺混肥及运筹方式相比,其磷素利用率提高了2.85%～95.55%。控氮比52.5%掺混肥在基施运筹方式下,与控氮比52.5%掺混肥减量基施处理相比,钾素利用率降低了1.47%,但与其他控氮比掺混肥及运筹方式相比,其钾素利用率提高了6.42%～20.11%。因此控氮比52.5%掺混肥基施在生产实践中能够更好地促进玉米对磷、钾养分的吸收与利用,提高肥料利用率。     

绿液预处理对麦草化学成分及酶水解糖化的影响

主要探讨在不同温度、用碱量和硫化度条件下绿液预处理对麦草化学成分及酶水解效率的影响。随着预处理用碱量和硫化度的提高木质素的脱除率增加,但同时也加剧了碳水化合物的降解,导致麦草浆得率下降。绿液预处理废液的pH值小于9.5,弱碱介质可以减少碳水化合物的降解,同时避免禾草原料含量较高的硅溶解在黑液中,有利于废液的碱回收利用。预处理后浆料经过由纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶组合而成的混合酶液水解,纤维素酶用量从5 FPU/g增加到10 FPU/g时,总糖得率及转化率显著增加。在酶用量为10 FPU/g条件下经过48 h的酶水解后,温度130℃、用碱量8%、硫化度40%条件下的预处理浆料总糖得率达到最大值43%,总糖转化率为73.1%。     

Effects of supplementary desalted mother liquor as replacement of commercial salt in diet for Thai native cattle on digestibility,energy and nitrogen balance,and rumen conditions

Four Thai native cattle were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the availability of desalted mother liquor (DML) as replacement of salt in concentrate. Each cattle was assigned to one of the following concentrate feeding treatments: C1, 1% NaCl was added as salt; C2, 2% NaCl was added as salt; D1, 1% NaCl was replaced by DML; D2, 2% NaCl was replaced by DML, on a dry matter (DM) basis. The animals were fed rice straw and experimental concentrates (40:60) at 1.9% of body weight on a DM basis, daily. Acid detergent fiber expressed exclusive of residual ash (ADFom) digestibility in DML treatment was higher than salt treatment (p < .05) and D2 feeding showed the highest value (60.8%). There were no significant differences in blood metabolites, nitrogen retention, ruminal ammonia nitrogen, methane emission or energy efficiency among treatments. Molar percent of acetate on volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid 4 hr post‐feeding tended to be higher in DML treatment than salt treatment (p = .08). The results indicated that adding DML could improve ADFom digestibility and salt could be replaced by DML up to 2% as NaCl in concentrate without adverse effects on nitrogen balance, rumen conditions, blood metabolites and methane emission.     

添加糯小麦对普通小麦和粳高粱小曲酒酿造特性的影响

为探讨添加糯小麦对普通小麦和粳高粱酿酒特性的影响,将糯小麦按一定比例分别添加到普通小麦和粳高粱中,以未添加糯小麦的普通小麦和粳高粱为对照,在酒厂生产条件下分别进行小曲酒酿造,对所得白酒的酒精度、出酒率、理化指标、香味成分、口感及香味进行分析。结果表明,普通小麦添加糯小麦后所得白酒的总酸、总酯、杂醇油含量降低,但不同添加比例的酒精度变化不大;添加50%糯小麦的白酒口感和香味最好。粳高粱添加糯小麦后所得白酒的酸类、杂醇类、醛类物质含量降低,酯类物质含量提高;添加25%及50%糯小麦的出酒率降低,添加75%糯小麦的出酒率增加;添加50%及75%糯小麦的白酒口感和香味得到改善,添加50%糯小麦的白酒口感、香味最佳。因此,糯小麦的添加不同程度地提升了粳高粱和普通小麦的酿酒品质。     

999稀释剂的研制

９９９稀释剂量通过对黑液和栲胶改性，即提高黑液和栲胶的稀释能力并扩大其应用范围而研制成的新型稀释剂。该稀释剂各项性能指标均明显高于油田钻井液广泛使用的磺化栲胶。该产品又可做防、除垢剂，与国内中小锅炉普遍使用的栲胶防、除垢剂效果相当，而且使用更方便。文中探讨了行家的改性材料黑液、栲胶和改性剂Ａ，并通过实验确定了在常压条件生产这种稀释剂的各种原材料最佳配比和生产工艺条件。１９９９年９月，事理研制结果，     

Optimum blends of different grades of surimi determined by non-linear programming

SUMMARY: The texture and color properties of surimi gels consisting of pollack surimi, golden threadfin-bream surimi, and low-grade hairtail surimi in various ratios were determined based on a mixture design. Surimi gels were produced by heating at 90°C for 20 min with the addition of 2% NaCl. The texture and color properties of blended surimi from various grades can be represented as non-linear functions. Therefore, non-linear programming was found to be appropriate for determining the optimum formulation for surimi products blended from various grades of surimi. About 3.3% to 18.8% of hairtail surimi could be used when blending with high-grade surimi to produce surimi seafood.     

N+离子注入对同源四倍体水稻诱导效果的影响

以IR36、紫血稻、多胚苗品系APⅣ为材料,研究了N 注入对秋水仙素诱导水稻同源四倍体效果的影响。结果表明,当秋水仙素处理24 h时,经剂量为0.52×1016N /cm2的N 注入处理,种芽成活率提高,但在其后代中没有筛选到四倍体水稻植株,而用剂量为6.34×1016N /cm2的N 注入处理的后代中发现了四倍体水稻植株;当秋水仙素处理48 h或48 h以上时,经剂量为0.52×1016N /cm2的N 处理不但使种芽的成活率提高,而且还提高了诱导四倍体的效率,而剂量为6.34×1016N /cm2的N 注入处理会使四倍体诱导效率明显下降。     

混纺麻纱特征的实用图像表征技术——II.麻/涤纱混合比的计算

基于已有的特征指标及组合指标,对苎麻和涤纶纤维的各特征指标进行“组合对”识别与分类及其边界确定。利用“组合对”参数二维解析边界函数划分和判定方法,实现了计算机图像处理对麻/涤混纺纱混合比的精确、有效地计算,混纺比与实际比较绝对误差在3%以下,相对误差在5%以下。研究表明本文提供的方法更具有纤维识别的直观准确性和有效性,并可实用和标准化。     

不同培养工艺制备的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌菌苗抗原的免疫原性比较试验

为比较不同培养工艺制备的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌抗原的免疫原性,对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌标准强毒株C48-1株采用固体表面培养法和液体高密度发酵法制备疫苗并进行了免疫对比试验.结果表明,固体表面培养法制备的抗原菌体形态结构较均一,抗原成分稳定一致,并且含有较丰富的荚膜;而液体高密度发酵法制备的抗原形态结构大小不一,抗原成分不够稳定一致,含荚膜也较少.将两种方法制备的抗原按相同工艺制备成禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗,效力检验结果显示二者差异极显著,固体表面培养法制备的疫苗免疫后14 d和90 d时保护率均为80%～100%,平均93%;液体高密度发酵法制备的疫苗免疫后14 d和90 d时保护率分别为40%～60%、60%～80%,平均为53%和67%.