桂西北秃杉人工林土壤肥力变化的研究

采用时空互换法,于广西南丹县山口林场选取不同林龄(9、14、20 a)的秃杉人工林作为研究对象,对其土壤物理性质、化学性质和生物化学性质(土壤酶活性)进行研究。结果表明:不同林分年龄土壤性质存在一定的差异,8、14、20 a秃杉人工林表层土壤(0 20 cm)土壤密度分别为0.978、0.914、0.890 g·cm^-3,总孔隙度分别为63.10%、65.53 %、66.40%,土壤最大持水量分别为64.55%、71.70%、74.58%。随着林龄的增长,土壤各化学和生物化学指标的变化不尽相同,但林分年龄到20年生时,多数土壤养分和酶活性指标都有所升高,土壤肥力状况得到提高。     

玛咖不同颜色种子表型性状及活力特性分析

比较分析棕黄色、棕红色和黑色3种颜色玛咖种子的大小、萌发特性、幼苗生长特性和酶活力,探讨3种颜色玛咖种子的表型性状及其与种子活力之间的相关性。结果表明,棕黄色和黑色种子的长、厚、厚宽比、千粒质量、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗苗长、根长、单株鲜质量和干质量、POD活性、脱氢酶活性等性状之间无显著差异,但均显著高于棕红色种子(P<0.05);棕黄色和黑色种子的新鲜不发芽种子数、死种子数和不正常幼苗数均显著低于棕红色种子(P<0.05)。不同颜色玛咖种子的千粒质量与种子的长、厚存在显著正相关(P<0.05),种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均与千粒质量、POD和脱氢酶呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。说明棕黄色和黑色种子活力高于棕红色种子,萌发能力更强。     

金镶玉竹对重金属铅镉的耐抗性

文章以盆栽金镶玉竹(Phyllostachys aureosulcata 'Spectabilis’)为试验材料,研究不同浓度铅、镉处理在金镶玉竹不同器官中的吸收、累积和迁移分配规律,以及铅、镉对金镶玉竹细胞膜透性、脂过氧化与抗氧化保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,在铅、镉胁迫下,根部是吸收积累重金属的最主要部位,重金属在不同器官之间的迁移分配表现出一定的差异;随着重金属处理浓度的增加,细胞质膜透性和膜脂过氧化程度增大,相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加;胁迫初期抗氧化酶活性不断增加,随着胁迫时间的延长,酶活性不断下降。     

几种植物精油对长角扁谷盗成虫的熏蒸作用

通过对红桔油、柠檬叶油、红河橙油、山苍子油、留兰香油、松节油、黄樟油、互叶白千层油、蓝桉叶油9种植物精油,在浓度为40μL/L及熏蒸时间为12、24、36、48、60h下,对长角扁谷盗成虫的熏蒸活性测定,结果表明蓝桉叶油、互叶白千层油、柠檬叶油、留兰香油及红桔油的熏杀效果较好,尤以蓝桉叶油的效果最佳。蓝桉叶油在浓度40μL/L,经12、24、36、48h和60h不同熏蒸时间,对长角扁谷盗的LC50分别为15.29,6.44,6.55,3.32、1.29μL/L;当蓝桉叶油熏蒸浓度为4、8、12μL/L时,其LT50分别为45.48、27.28、17.64h。     

Compositions and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of two Hypericum species from Turkey

The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from Hypericum hyssopifolium var. microcalycinum and Hypericum lysimachioides var. lysimachioides were analysed by using GC and GC-MS. Caryophyllene oxide was found to be the major component. The essential oils of both Hypericum species showed antimicrobial activity against nine microorganism at a concentration of 60 to 80 microg/ml.     

广西杉木连栽幼林根际与非根际土壤特性研究

采用配对样地法对广西连栽杉木幼林不同栽植代数(一代林G1、二代林G2)的根际土和非根际土进行了土壤特性的分析研究,为连栽杉木人工林经营与可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明:土壤pH值、有机质、全N、全P、水解性N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca~(2+)、有效Fe、有效Mn含量均表现为G2G1,根际土(R)非根际土(S),而土壤全K含量则反之。杉木连栽对林地土壤养分状况、酶活性和微生物具有一定影响。土壤酶活性表现为G2G1,根际土(R)非根际土(S)。无论是在根际土还是非根际土,土壤微生物优势种均为细菌,微生物总数、细菌、放线菌、真菌数量表现为G1G2;栽植代数增加,细菌所占微生物总数比例下降,而放线菌所占比例则有明显增加趋势。     

Antifeedant activity of flavonoids and related compounds against the subterranean termiteCoptotermes formosanus Shiraki

Antifeedant activity of some flavonoids and their related compounds against the subterranean termiteCoptotermes formosanus Shiraki was examined with nochoice tests and two-choice tests. The activities of these compounds were evaluated in relation to their chemical structures. All flavonoids tested showed antifeedant activity, whereas catechinic acid, possessing no A-ring or pyran ring in the molecule, showed feeding-preference activity. For the structure-activity relations, it was found that compounds containing two hydroxyl groups at C-5 and C-7 in A-rings showed high antifeedant activity. Furthermore, the presence of a carbonyl group at C-4 in the pyran rings of the compounds was necessary for the occurrence of high activity. 3-Hydroxyflavones and 3-hydroxyflavanones with 3,4-dihydroxylated B-rings exhibited higher activity than those with 4-hydroxylated B-rings.Part of this paper was presented at the 49th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

雷竹笋总黄酮和总甾醇的抗氧化性与抑菌性

为给雷竹笋的深度开发提供参考依据,采用有机溶剂法从雷竹笋中提取总黄酮和总甾醇,就雷竹笋总黄酮与总甾醇对清除羟基自由基(·OH)与DPPH的能力和对油脂的抗氧化能力进行了测定、分析和评价,并就其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及黑曲霉的抑制作用进行了试验研究。结果表明:雷竹笋总黄酮和总甾醇对羟基自由基(·OH)和DPPH均有一定程度的清除能力,总甾醇对这两者的清除能力均大于总黄酮;对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除能力,1 mg·mL~(-1)总黄酮与0.13 mg·mL~(-1)总甾醇的效力相当;而对DPPH的清除能力,1 mg·mL~(-1)总黄酮与0.60 mg·mL~(-1)总甾醇的效力相当。雷竹笋总黄酮和总甾醇对油脂的抗氧化作用均显著,其与VC、VE及柠檬酸的混合物具有协同抗氧化性,其与VC的协同抗氧化能力最强。雷竹笋总黄酮和总甾醇对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌与黑曲霉均有一定的抑制作用,而总黄酮的抑菌效果比总甾醇的好。     

Antimicrobial activity of Hedychium spicatum

Extracts from rhizomes of Hedychium spicatum were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. Essential oil, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts showed inhibitory activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial cultures, including a strain of methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fungal cultures.     

Molluscicidal activity of Solanum species of the Northeast of Brazil on Biomphalaria glabrata

Seven species of Solanum were screened for their molluscicidal properties against Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediated host of Schistosoma mansoni, Solanum agrarium, S. jabrense, S. melissarum, S. megalonyx, S. paludosum, S. paraibanum and S. stipulaceum. Four extracts showed molluscicidal activity with LC(50) from 22 to 56 microg/ml.