Regulation of root-to-leaf Na and Cl transport and its association with photosynthetic activity in salt-tolerant soybean genotypes

ABSTRACT

Soil salinity is a major constraint to sustainable crop production. Genetic improvements are needed for growing soybean in salinity-prone environments. Salt-tolerant soybean genotypes alleviate a reduction in photosynthesis and growth under saline conditions; however, the detailed mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify how Na and Cl root-to-leaf transport is quantitatively regulated, and to identify whether photosynthetic tolerance depends on traits associated with either stomata or with mesophyll tissues. Two pairs of pot-grown soybean near-isogenic lines (NILs) consisting of tolerant and susceptible counterparts, derived from a cross between salt-tolerant FT-Abyara and salt-sensitive C01, were subjected to salinity treatment in a rainout greenhouse. Comparison of photosynthetic responses between genotypes indicated that genotypic differences in salinity tolerance depended on the ability for sustained CO₂ assimilation in mesophyll tissues, rather than stomatal conductance. The ratio of photosynthetic rate to intercellular CO₂ concentration (A/Ci) declined exponentially with increasing Na and Cl concentration regardless of genotype, but tolerant genotypes effectively kept both elements at significantly low levels. Under saline conditions, tolerant genotypes reduced Na and Cl content at the two transport pathways: from root to stem, and from stem to leaf, but the reduction of Cl at each pathway was only minor. These results suggest that integrating genetic capacity for Cl transport regulation and osmotic adjustment should be an important target in salinity-tolerance soybean breeding.     

61份玉米DH系的SSR标记分析及性状遗传研究

采用SSR标记对由玉米自交系四-287×PHBIM组配的杂交F1经"吉高诱3号"诱导以及秋水仙素加倍后筛选所得的61份DH系进行进一步鉴定,并运用NCⅡ设计,将61份DH系与优良自交系L98与PH6WC组配成122个杂交组合,对DH系以及杂交组合的7个性状进行配合力及遗传力分析。结果表明,经SSR分子鉴定,61份DH系未发现偏分离现象;以单穗粒重、百粒重为目标,筛选出9个表现优良的DH系;以单穗粒重为目标,筛选出(M45×PH6WC、M42×PH6WC、M47×PH6WC)3个优良杂交组合。遗传力分析表明,株高、穗长可在早代选择,穗位高和秃尖长在晚代选择。     

高原粳稻子预44抗稻瘟病基因遗传分析和定位

 以高感稻瘟病的低海拔粳稻江南香糯与高抗稻瘟病的高原粳稻子预44作亲本进行杂交,获得F1、F2、BC1F1和以F2单粒传构建的、由276个株系组成的F7重组自交系群体。分别用稻瘟病菌生理小种ZB13和ZE1对两亲本江南香糯和子预44及其杂交后代群体F1、F2和BC1F1进行抗性接种鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明,子预44对稻瘟病菌生理小种ZB13和ZE1的抗性都表现为单基因控制的显性遗传。进一步利用重组自交系F7群体的266个有效株系作为定位群体,将抗稻瘟病菌生理小种ZE1的基因定位在水稻第11染色体上与SSR标记RM206间遗传距离为0 cM的位置,暂定名为Pi zy（t）。这些结果为进一步将子预44中的抗性基因用于水稻抗病育种及该抗稻瘟病基因的克隆奠定了重要基础。     

水稻光温敏核不育系培矮64S低温下育性表达规律研究

藉人工气候室的人控光温条件 ,对两系杂交水稻不育系培矮 64S在 2 2 .0～ 2 3 .0℃的低温下的育性表达规律进行了连续 2年的跟踪研究。主要结果如下 :1) 2 3 .0℃的低温仅能导致培矮 64S花粉不育度的明显降低 ,而 2 2 .5℃和 2 2 .0℃的低温则不仅能导致花粉不育度的下降 ,而且还能诱导一定程度的自交结实 ;2 )培矮 64S的育性温度敏感终止期为幼穗分化第 6期 (花粉母细胞减数分裂期 ) ,育性温度最敏感期为幼穗分化第 4～ 5期 (雌雄蕊形成期至花粉母细胞形成期 ) ;3 )培矮 64S具有光敏性 ,其临界光长处于 13 5 0～ 13 .3 8h之间 ,光敏温度范围为 2 3～ 2 8℃ ;4 )对于农艺性状已经稳定的高世代培矮 64S而言 ,其控制育性表达的遗传基础尚不纯 ,表现在来源相同的不同株系间或同一株系内不同单株间在低温下育性表达存在显著的差异 ,且低温强度加大 ,这种差异就更为明显     

水稻籼型光温敏核不育系2602S的选育

介绍了２６０２Ｓ的选育经过,并初步研究了其特征特性,２６０２Ｓ为籼头型光温互作型不育系,长光不育起点温度为２３℃,不育期长,可育期结实较好,可恢性好,配合力强,昨用它测配的强优组合产量高,熟期适中。     

北美温带玉米杂交种选系的遗传多样性研究

利用SSR标记对北美温带玉米杂交种选育的24个自交系和我国生产应用的10类骨干代表系进行遗传多样性评价。结果表明,54对SSR引物在48份玉米自交系间共检测到290个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出3~9个等位基因,平均为5.4个。每个位点的多态性信息量(PIC)变化于0.29~0.86之间,平均为0.70。标记索引系数(MI)变化范围0.86~7.45,平均为3.86。供试北美温带选系和其他类群的玉米种质均具有较丰富的遗传多样性。3个杂交种选系的遗传相似系数中3号选系最小(0.776),说明3号较其余两个杂交种选系的遗传差异大。根据SSR标记聚类分析、主坐标分析和遗传进化分析结果表明,北美温带选系和其他种质的48份玉米自交系划分为6大类群,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致。     

2001～2012 年国审玉米品种数量及骨干自交系的应用分析

搜集和整理2001～2012年国审普通玉米杂交种及其双亲来源,研究每年国审玉米品种数量的变化趋势,对选育的杂交种在2个以上的亲本自交系进行统计,并分析这些自交系的来源。结果发现,普通玉米杂交种2006年审定的数量最多,2003年其次,2007年以后普通玉米杂交种的审定数量在10～20个。在对2001～2012年间国审玉米杂交种亲本来源的分析发现,共有39个亲本自交系组配2个及其以上杂交种,组配杂交种比较多的自交系依次为吉853>丹598>lx9801>昌7-2>京2416>丹340。     

几个常用玉米自交系主要数量性状的配合力分析

采用P（P－1）／2完全双列杂交设计4，对8个常用玉米自交系主要数量性状进行一般配合力和特殊配合力分析。结果表明8个性状同时受加性和非加性效应控制，以加性效应为主，在选育亲本或者组配时，不能只考虑一般配合力或者特殊配合力，要综合考察配合力总效应。研究还发现穗粗、株高、穗位高的遗传力较高，在早代进行选择便可收到显著成效；而茎粗、穗行数受环境影响较大，在后期选择方可取得良好效果。     

Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC₂F₇ backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance.     

农网配电线路损耗分析

配电网起着输送和分配电能的作用,线路损耗给供电企业造成很大的成本投入,降低能源的利用率。分析配电网线路损耗的原因,提出降低线路损耗的具体措施,以期为配电网节能降耗、安全运行提供参考。