Expression of tissue factor in experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis and endotoxemia

Tissue factor (TF), a cell surface-associated cofactor and activator of coagulation factor VII, has been implicated in the local and systemic activation of coagulation associated with sepsis. This study describes the pattern of TF expression in experimental bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis and endotoxemia. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to localize TF antigen in tissue sections. Tissue factor expression was not observed in tissues from control animals. In response to Pasteurella haemolytica challenge, TF was expressed within alveolar walls, by mononuclear inflammatory cells within alveoli, and in walls of arteries, arterioles, bronchi, and bronchioles. Tissue factor was not detected in unaffected lung, liver, spleen, lymph node or kidney tissue. Administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin intravenously resulted in tissue factor expression in lung, spleen, and lymph node tissue. Results of this study indicate that TF is expressed locally at sites of inflammation and systemically in endotoxemia. Therefore, TF may be involved in coagulation events associated with pneumonic pasteurellosis.     

人员因素对猪活体测定结果的影响

为检验人员因素在猪的活体测定中对数据的影响程度,采用随机试验的方法将测定人员分为A组和B组,在测定方法相同的情况下,对各组人员进行独立多次测量,并对测量结果进行方差分析。结果表明:两组人员因素对猪活体膘厚的测量结果均具有极显著差异(P<0.01);对于猪眼肌高度,A组人员因素差异不显著(P>0.05),B组人员因素则差异显著(P<0.05)。说明人员因素对活体测定结果有显著的影响。笔者建议使用B型超声波测定仪用于活体测定时,在数据读取方法上需进一步规范和统一,并提升人员技能,不断提高测定准确性,促进我国种猪遗传评估效率的逐步提升。     

赣南脐橙园蜘蛛优势种的季节动态及与气象因子的相关分析

赣南脐橙园蜘蛛已知13科38种。脐橙树冠层蜘蛛优势种有3种,其中草间钻头蛛(Hylyphantes graminicola)全年以5 - 6月及9 - 10月份的发生数量最大;斑管巢蛛(Clubiona deletrix)在7 - 10月份发生量较大,2 - 3月份的数量明显减少;鳞纹肖蛸(Tetragnatha squamata)在4月和12月份的种群数量较多,而6 - 9月份较少见到。地面层蜘蛛优势种有2种,其中草间钻头蛛的季节消长同样具有两个高峰期,但跨度较少,仅在6月份和10月份出现;拟水狼蛛(Pirata subpiraticus)种群数量在3月份达到最高峰,在12月份处于低谷。不同季节脐橙树冠层草间钻头蛛和斑管巢蛛的发生数量都与平均气温和日照时数呈显著或极显著正相关,而鳞纹肖蛸的季节发生数量与平均气温间为显著负相关;地面层拟水狼蛛的数量季节变动与相对湿度和降雨量间表现出极显著的正相关性。     

昆明犬IGF2基因克隆、生物信息学分析及其时空表达研究

【目的】 克隆昆明犬胰岛素样生长因子2（IGF2）基因并研究其序列特征及时空表达规律,为工作犬体型及生长发育相关研究提供基础资料。【方法】 采用PCR法扩增昆明犬IGF2基因CDS区,运用生物信息学分析预测昆明犬IGF2蛋白的结构与功能;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测IGF2基因在2.5月龄昆明犬心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏及大腿内侧肌肉和不同年龄段肝脏中的表达情况。【结果】 昆明犬IGF2基因CDS区全长717 bp,编码238个氨基酸;系统进化树分析显示,昆明犬IGF2基因与赤狐的遗传距离最近,与鸡的遗传距离最远。生物信息学分析表明,IGF2蛋白分子质量为26.46 ku,理论等电点为9.61,无信号肽和跨膜结构,属于亲水性非分泌蛋白;主要分布于细胞核（47.8%）和线粒体（17.4%）,存在23个磷酸化位点;该蛋白的二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,三级结构与二级结构预测结果相符。组织表达谱分析显示,IGF2基因在2.5月龄昆明犬肝脏中相对表达量最高,且极显著高于肾脏、肺脏及肌肉组织（P<0.01）;仔犬期（2.5月龄）肝脏中的IGF2基因的表达量极显著高于幼犬期（6月龄）、青年期（1岁）及成年期（1.7和2.5岁）（P<0.01）。【结论】 本研究成功克隆昆明犬IGF2基因,并发现IGF2在多个组织广泛表达,在肝脏中的表达量最高,可为深入探讨昆明犬IGF2基因在生长发育中的调控机理提供参考。     

大豆饲料产品中主要抗营养因子含量的检测与分析

本试验旨在应用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法以及色谱法测定不同加工工艺的大豆饲料产品中主要大豆抗营养因子大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子以及大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的含量。采用ELISA试剂盒对国内257份大豆制品中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量进行检测与分析;利用离子色谱建立了大豆产品中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的灵敏、准确的同步测定法,并对国内92份大豆制品中寡糖含量进行检测与分析。结果表明:发酵豆粕、膨化大豆、大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量相对较低;本试验所建立的离子色谱同步测定大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的方法具有灵敏度和准确性高、重现性好的优点,适用于大豆寡糖的测定;通过对实际样品的检测和分析,发现发酵豆粕和大豆分离蛋白中3种大豆寡糖含量均相对较低。本试验所得到不同加工工艺的大豆产品中主要抗营养因子含量的相关数据将为大豆在畜禽饲料中的高效利用提供很好的技术支撑。     

短花针茅草地几种牧草利用率的确定

在短花针茅荒漠草原，利用高度一重量百分比方法确定了13种牧草的利用率。结果表明：对于大多数牧草消耗高度占总高度的50%，重量的消耗仅20%～30%；当牧草消耗高度80%时，牧草的利用率为70%。在利用率确定的情况下，可推导出各种牧草的适宜留茬高度。     

GDNF对海仁酸损伤体外培养新生大鼠背根神经节神经元的影响

N1无血清培养基原代分离培养新生大鼠背根神经节（dorsal root ganglion DRG)神经元，用兴奋性毒素海仁酸（kainic acidKA)损伤体外培养细胞后，加入胶质源性神经营养因子（glial-derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)作用。最后通过MTT法检测，细胞总蛋白测定，胎盘兰染色计数，形态学观察等方法研究分析GDNF对兴奋性毒素海仁酸损伤后大鼠DRG神经元的活性，存活及突起生长的影响，结果表明：GDNF对体外正常生长的DRG神经元的存活，活性及突起生长没有明显的促进作用。而在海仁酸损伤后，GDNF对其存活和活性有明显的促进作用。但对突起生长没有明显的影响。     

Myostatin down‐regulates the IGF‐2 expression via ALK‐Smad signaling during myogenesis in cattle

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator during muscle differentiation, whereas insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for muscle development. MSTN and IGFs act oppositely during myogenesis, but there is little information on the mutual relationship of MSTN and IGFs. The present study was conducted to examine whether MSTN affects IGF expression during early myogenesis in cattle. IGF‐1 mRNA was similarly expressed in M. longissimus thoracis of double‐muscled (DM) and normal (NM) Japanese shorthorn cattle. IGF‐2 mRNA expression was consistently higher in the normal and regenerating muscle of DM cattle than those of NM cattle. When myoblasts were isolated from regenerating M. longissimus thoracis, IGF‐2 mRNA expression showed a significant increase in differentiating DM derived myoblasts (DM‐myoblasts) as compared with differentiating NM derived myoblasts (NM‐myoblasts). An addition of recombinant mouse myostatin (rMSTN) to myoblast cultures attenuated IGF‐2 mRNA expression and decreased myotube formation, but did not effect IGF‐1 mRNA expression. An activin‐like kinase (ALK) inhibitor, SB431542, mediates MSTN action, suppressed the translocation of Smad2/3 into the nucleus in DM‐myoblasts, and restored the attenuated IGF‐2 mRNA expression and the decreased myotube formation induced by rMSTN in myoblast cultures. The findings indicate that MSTN may negatively regulate myoblast differentiation by suppressing IGF‐2 expression via ALK‐Smad signaling.