蛭石与人造沸石氨氮等温吸附理论式与判别式

为比较在高起始氨氮浓度C0点和介质用量W0点上,吸附理论通式Qe=W0qmC0/[qmKw W0(qm-qe) C0]与其简化方程Qe=W0qmC0/[qm(Kw W0) C0]的适用性,测定了给定pH值和温度条件下反应平衡时NH4Cl溶液中蛭石和人造沸石的氨氮吸附量(Qe).在该试验条件下确定的蛭石单位介质吸附容量qm和介质系数Kw值分别为22 mg/g和15.5 g/L,人造沸石的qm和Kw的值分别为45 mg/g和8 g/L.在整个试验氨氮浓度C0和介质用量W0范围内,用该通式描述两介质刘氨氮的等温吸附过程具有很高的精确度.而简化方程仅在有限范围内即C0相对小或W0相对大时才适用.若给定预测相对误差(RD),则C0/qm(Kw W0)≤RD可作为简化方程应用的判别式.     

THE MIXED MODE FRACTURE CRITERION OF BRITTLE ROCK UNDER COMPRESSION-SHEAR STRESS STATE

In this paper the test results of mixed mode fracture of three kinds of brittle rock under two kinds of stress paths are reported. The fracture mechanism and failure patterns of brittle lock under different stress paths are discussed. Theory analysis and test results show that the Compression- Shear fracture criterion of brittle rock can be expressed:     

The Stability of Quaternion Metrices and Their Judging Criteria

Some conceptions of stable quaternion matrices and some judging criteria are given.The Robrach theorem,Taussky theorem,Ostrowski Schneider theorem and Gerschgorin theorem are generalized to quaternion field.The conclusion about two quaternion matrices,i.e.,inferior positive matrices are unstable,interior negative matrices are stable and some other results are pointed out.     

汤河水库分期汛限水位方案效益分析

水库汛期的蓄水担负着城市供水、工农业供水、发电等兴利任务。科学合理地优化水库分期汛限水位,是保障水库供水量和防洪安全的有效手段。以汤河水库为研究对象,提出水库分期汛限水位优化方案,并对调整分期汛限水位后水库增容产生的效益进行分析。     

多目标系统模糊决策法在导流标准

施工导流工程是施工组织设计中关键环节，而施工导流标准的选择是施工导流工程的核心，选择合适的施工导流标准可使水电工程施工达到安全可靠和经济可行相统一的目的。利用多目标系统模糊决策法进行导流标准的比选，综合考虑工程的导流投资、经济损失、施工强度等决策指标，建立导流标准的多目标系统模糊决策模型，计算各指标的相对隶属度，根据隶属度最大为最优的原则，选择最优的导流标准方案。实例分析说明，导流标准的多目标系统模糊决策分析模型是可靠的、合适的。     

The Monitoring Measurements and Country Rock Control of NATM in Tunnel of Express Road during Construction

In this paper the author' s study on the monitoring measurement technique of NATM,the regularity and conditions of the country rock deformation are analysed based on the site measurement data in the west section of Zhongliangshan tunnel. The regression analysis of measure data for different measure lines of vavious country rock is done by the use of self-compiled CRAP program. The stability criterion for various rockmass and optimum time for primary and permanent support are provided. The conclusion available could conduct the theoretical research of NATM deeply as well as tunnel design and construction.     

Practical Criterion for Voltage Stability of Substation

This paper presents a new practical criterion for voltage stability based on the real-time information at the substation and the quasi-time information from power system.By using the criterion,it is effective to predict the bus voltage stability margin.This is of great importance to raise the security operation level and prevent voltage collapse.The practical criterion for voltage stability is tested on the IEEE-14-bus test system.It needs less calculation time and is very suitable for real-time control of power systems.     

黄土高原长历时土壤侵蚀暴雨标准初探

本文从黄土高原的降雨、径流、入渗、暴雨的实际情况及收集暴雨资料的需要出发,阐述了拟定长历时(60～1440min)土壤侵蚀暴雨标准的必要性和思路。根据这个思路,笔者在已拟定的短历时(5～60min)暴雨标准基础上,参考有关资料,拟定了长历时土壤侵蚀暴雨标准。     

Integrating effects of hunting policy, catastrophic events, and inbreeding depression, in PVA simulation: the Scandinavian wolf population as an example

Focusing on the wolf Canis lupus in Scandinavia as an example, criteria are proposed and an analysis performed to assess the effect on extinction risk of various control policies, while accounting simultaneously for effects of inbreeding depression and potential catastrophic events. Each control policy is characterized by a hunting pressure (the increase caused by hunting of annual mortality rates) combined with a hunting threshold (the population size below which hunting is not permitted). Catastrophes are taken into account by including the persistence of a severe catastrophe in the criterion for population viability. Based on these criteria, the results suggest that only a very limited amount of hunting should be permitted at low population sizes. The results also illustrate the importance of including a long-term perspective in modelling threatened populations.     

基于时序模拟的配电系统可靠性评估收敛判据

基于时序模拟的配电系统可靠性评估中,由于抽样的随机性导致求解结果的不确定性,为此,求解过程需要运用概率知识描述,可靠性指标的收敛判据也不同于常规数值迭代算法.针对配电系统的时序模拟的不确定性问题,研究了独立事件的选取,构造了独立广义事件;分析了在给定置信概率下总体均值的置信区间,得出置信区间长度与样本均值的绝对误差相关的结论,进而提出了用绝对误差描述的实用收敛判据,并且给出该置信概率下置信区间长度与给定计算精度的不等关系式.通过对RTBS测试系统的实例分析,验证了该方法的合理性与有效性.