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81.
Transgenic trees as a new source for biofuel have brought a great interest in tree biotechnology. Genetically modifying forest trees for ethanol production have advantages in technical challenges, costs, environmental concerns, and financial problems over some of crops. Genetic engineering of forest trees can be used to reduce the level of lignin, to produce the fast-growing trees, to develop trees with higher cellulose, and to allow the trees to be grown more widely. Trees can establish themselves in the field with less care of farmers, compared to most of crops. Transgenic crops as a new source for biofuel have been recently reviewed in several reviews. Here, we overview transgenic woody plants as a new source for biofuel including genetically modified woody plants and environment; main focus of woody plants genetic modifications; solar to chemical energy transfer; cellulose biosynthesis; lignin biosynthesis; and cellulosic ethanol as biofuel. 相似文献
82.
Yoich TOMIMURA 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2002,(2)
This paper deals with the chemical components and the chemical structure of lignin of Chinese fir and Poplar I-214 from plantationforest. The results revealed that the contents ofchemical component in heart wood and sapwood were almost the same except ethanol-benzene extract both in Chinese fir and in Poplar I-214, The contents of ash, holocellulose, α -cellulose, pentosan, ethanol-benzene extract and cold-water extract in Poplar I-214 were higher than that in Chinesefir, The content of lignin in Poplar I-214 was lower than that in Chinese flr. Vanillin, vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were found in Chinesefir while vanillin and vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringaldehyde and syringic acid werefound in Poplar I-214 in investigation of the chemical structure of lignin by using nitrobenzene oxidization method. 相似文献
83.
Wu Baoguo Yang Yirong Pan Xuefeng Wang Xiaoshui Liu Guangping Northeast Forestry University 《林业研究》1992,(1)
The slurry sealing with cationic emulsified asphalt,which is a new technique inhighway construction,is rapidly extended at home and abroad.The technique should apply an ex-cellent slow set cationic cmulsifier.Now,slow set emulsifiers are ligninamines which are synthesizedby trimethylamine-epichlorohydrin route.Owing to high price and unstable quality,the extendingof slurry sealing technique is affected seriously.We prepare the ligninamine by a novel syntheticmethod.By the novel method,the cost of production is reduced by more than 30%,and the prod-ucts have stable quality,high emulsifying function and broad daptability for various asphalts.Thenovel synthetic method uses soda lignin,secondary amines and inexpensive aminating assistants asraw materials.The technological process of the method may use either one or two-step process,andthe technological condition are uncomplicated and easy to master.master. 相似文献
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86.
以制药废弃物刺五加根茎剩余物为原料,采用丙酮有机溶剂法提取木质素,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、料液比、乙酸体积分数、丙酮体积分数等工艺条件对木质素得率和木质素抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:反应温度对丙酮有机木质素抗氧化性能影响最显著,其他因素不显著。优化工艺条件为反应温度180℃、丙酮体积分数80%、料液比1:20、反应时... 相似文献
87.
88.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):14-29
Genetic parameters were estimated for wood and growth traits in two 19-yr-old clonal trials and a 40-yr-old full-sib progeny trial of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. In the clonal trials high (>0.4) broad-sense heritabilities were found for wood density traits, lignin content, number of internal cracks, growth traits, spiral grain and number of resin canals. Moderate (0.2–0.4) heritabilities were found for tracheid lumen diameter and cell wall thickness, microfibril angle and tracheid length, while low heritabilities (<0.2) were found for pulp yield, fibre strength, wood stiffness and wood colour. Lignin content and pulp yield showed low genetic variation, whereas the genotypic coefficient of variation for most other traits ranged between 5 and 15%. Most traits showed low levels of genotype by environment interaction. Among the wood properties, latewood proportion, earlywood density and ring density showed significant, adverse correlations with volume in both clonal trials. 相似文献
89.
The anatomy characteristics of cell wall and lignin distribution in different anatomical regions for 12-month-old bamboo species Pseudosasa amabilis was investigated.The lignin distribution was studied by means of optical microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope and the color reaction. In addition,the distribution of lignin in different tissues(fiber,parenchyma and vessel) was investigated by visible-light microspectrophotometry coupled with the Wiesner and Maule reaction.The cell walls of different tissues were all lignified and the lignin was widely distributed in different tissues, in which there was a difference between tissues and anatomical regions in lignin content.Guaiacyl lignin and syringyl lignin unit could be found in cell wall of fiber,parenchyma and vessel through Wiesner and Maule reaction and the absorbance peak of spectrum. There was no regular variation in lignin content with different radial location of culms and different location in fiber strands.The lamellation of the fiber cell wall was generally had as alternating broad and narrow layers with alternating low and high concentration of lignin. 相似文献
90.