调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米植株与土壤水分及节水增产效应

以玉米为研究对象,进行测坑微区试验,研究了地面滴灌条件下调亏灌溉对玉米植株与土壤水分分布、根长、根长密度、根数、产量以及作物水分利用效率的影响。试验于2016年分别设苗期轻度、苗期中度、拔节期轻度、拔节期中度、苗期中度拔节期轻度5个水分亏缺处理,另设全生育期适宜灌水作为对照。结果表明,各调亏处理的玉米冠部最终湿基含水率比对照处理增加-6.03%~4.61%、根部最终湿基含水率比对照处理增加1.30%~8.15%;苗期轻度调亏处理,产量比对照处理降低了7.89%、较对照处理节水8.26%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高0.33%;苗期中度调亏处理,产量比对照处理增加了5.20%、较对照处理节水16.71%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高26.25%;拔节期轻度调亏处理,产量较对照处理增加了1.49%、较对照处理节水14.07%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高18.27%;拔节期中度调亏处理,产量比对照处理降低了23.47%、较对照处理节水28.35%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高6.64%;苗期中度拔节期轻度调亏处理,产量比对照处理降低了28.13%、较对照处理节水38.54%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高16.94%。苗期中度处理与拔节期轻度处理是促进滴灌玉米节水增产的适宜水分亏缺处理,其结果对指导黑龙江西部玉米制定合理的灌溉制度具有实质性意义。     

一体式过滤净化机在循环水养殖系统中的应用效果

本装置综合了物理过滤和生物净化两种基本水处理功能,进行一体化集成与结构设计,并在循环水养殖状态下进行了试验。试验显示,本装置的TSS去除率为(58.5±17.8)%;养殖水体中:NH₄⁺-N≤2mg/L,NO₂^--N≤0.5mg/L。经过两个月的养殖,鱼体生长良好,养殖密度从养殖初的27.22kg/m³,达到试验结束时的35.20kg/m³,均重增重率为34.6%,均重特定生长率为每天0.496%,成活率95.9%。结果表明,本装置同时具有较好的物理和生物净化功能,能较好地应用于高密度养殖系统中;其结构简单,工作时,能有效去除截留在过滤筛上的固体颗粒物,减少了反冲洗结构和反冲洗水量损失;间歇式的运行特点,其能耗较低。本装置精简了循环水养殖系统设备,降低了能耗,并取得了良好的水处理效果。     

Effect of colored shade nets on pepper powdery mildew (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leveillula taurica</Emphasis>)

The effect of colored shade nets with different shade intensities and qualities of irradiation transmittance on pepper powdery mildew was tested in mini-plots and field experiments. Leaf coverage byLeveillula taurica and leaf shedding due to the disease were more severe in the shade, by up to 275% and 70%, respectively, than in the open field. Leaf coverage byL. taurica symptoms and leaf shedding from plants grown under 25% shade black nets were higher, by up to 70% and 180%, respectively, than under 40% shade nets. The color of the shade nets affected the intensity of photosynthetically active (PAR), ultra-violet (UV), blue, red and far red radiations, the UV/blue light ratio, and percent PAR and UV transmitted. The various nets suppressed the disease differently. Black, blue-silver, green and red nets were associated with lower levels of disease in the field experiments. The red net was also superior in the mini-plots. The other results from the mini-plots were not similar to those from the field, probably reflecting more intensive epidemic development in the mini-plots. No interaction between net type and cultivar was found when two cultivars were grown under the nets. Yield was higher under nets than in the open; nevertheless, the yield from plants grown under the 40% shade black net was not higher than that of the plants under the 25% black net, despite the significantly lower levels of disease at the higher shade intensity. B-quality pepper yield was significantly higher in the plots covered by 25% shade. Yield differences between the different colored nets were also not well correlated with disease levels, probably due to factors negating the direct effect of the nets on the plants and their yield. Implementation of either ‘friendly’ (Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ10/Trichoderma harzianum T39/ sulfur/ neem seed extract) or chemical (sulfur/ pyrifenox/ Polyoxin AL/ myclobutanil/ azoxystrobin) spray regimes successfully reduced disease severity under the different nets. There was no interaction between net type and spray regime. Thus, growing sweet pepper under shade nets results in increased yields and also in higher powdery mildew severity. Disease is negatively associated with the rate of shading and is variably affected by the quality of light filtered through the different colored shade nets. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 8, 2007.     

EFFECTS OF MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA ACTIVITY INPUT ON NORMALIZATION OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE TO PLASMA VOLUME IN DOGS

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) normalized to body fluid volumes to adjust for differing body size and conformation is more physiologically correct than a relationship with body weight (BW). GFR can be normalized to plasma volume by a renographic method that uses the Rutland-Patlak plot with plasma activity and kidney activity inputs. A plasma time-activity curve is obtained from a region of interest (ROI) of the left ventricle (LV), the size of which is in theory not critical. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of different LV ROI sizes, the effect of extravascular activity in the thorax over the LV ROI, and different time intervals for the semilogarithmic LV plot. Seventy-two scintigrams were used, with three different-sized automatic and a manual LV ROI, all with and without subtracting extravascular activity, and with LV curve time intervals of 30-120 s and 60-240 s. GFR/plasma volume was not affected by LV ROI sizes but significantly affected by extravascular activity subtraction and different time intervals. Subtracting extravascular activity from the LV ROI did not improve precision, but increased variability caused by different LV ROI sizes and time intervals chosen for the LV plot. The ROI for measuring extravascular activity apparently contained a considerable and variable intravascular component, which when subtracted, created noisy and unreliable LV curves. Manual LV ROI, without extravascular subtraction, and a time interval for LV input between 1 and 4 min are recommended as they gave the least variability determined by statistical analysis. With these methods, normal individual GFR/plasma volume in normal beagle dogs was 29.2 +/- 6.5 ml/min/l.     

Differential leukocyte counts determined in chicken blood using the Cell-Dyn 3500

Background: Automated hematology instruments commonly are used for mammalian blood analysis, but there is a lack of accurate automated methods available for avian leukocyte analysis. Objective: The aim of this study was to validate differential leukocyte counts in blood from chickens using the Cell-Dyn 3500 hematology system and avian-specific software.
Methods: Blood samples were collected in lithium-heparin tubes from 2 groups (n = 84 and n = 139) of laying hens. Manual 200-cell differential counts were done on routinely-stained blood smears, and manual total granulocyte counts (heterophils and eosinophils) were done using an eosinophil stain in a counting chamber. Automated differential counts were done using VET 2.3, a research and development version of avian-specific software for the Cell-Dyn 3500. Results were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and difference plots.
Results: Automated granulocyte counts from the Cell-Dyn were in good agreement with manual granulocyte counts ( r = 0.93 and 0.80 for the 2 study groups). No correlation was found between automated and manual lymphocyte counts. Correlation coefficients for monocyte counts were 0.70 and 0.43. Conclusion: Automated leukocyte results from the Cell-Dyn using VET 2.3 software were not fully accurate. Total granulocyte counts may be of clinical usefulness, but results obtained for other parameters were unreliable.     

应用RBF激励WASD神经网络估算GFR

价格低廉与高准确率的矛盾是测量肾小球滤过率（glomerular filtration rate，GFR）中遇到的主要难题。采用径向基函数（radial basis function，RBF）神经网络和权值与结构确定法（weights-and-structure-determination，WASD）相结合的方法，并基于中山大学附属第三医院的患者数据进行神经网络建模，对肾病患者进行肾小球滤过率估算。计算机数值实验结果显示该方法在50%符合率标准下能达到90%的准确率，而传统方程中最优的准确率为68%。     

Association of CXCR1 polymorphisms with apoptosis,necrosis and concentration of milk neutrophils in early lactating dairy heifers

Associations between polymorphisms in the candidate gene CXCR1, encoding the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1, and udder health have been identified before. In the present study, associations between the CXCR1 genotype (whole coding region) and apoptosis, necrosis, and concentration of milk polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMNL) of 292 quarters belonging to 73 early lactating dairy heifers were studied. In uninfected quarters, % milk PMNL apoptosis was higher in c.980GG heifers [least squares means (LSM) 27%] compared to c.980AG heifers (LSM 16%), whereas in infected quarters, % milk PMNL apoptosis was higher in c.642GG heifers (LSM 29%) compared to c.642AG heifers (LSM 18%). Differences in milk PMNL concentration between infected and uninfected quarters were smaller in c.980AG heifers than in c.980GG heifers. An association between the CXCR1 genotype and necrosis of milk PMNL could not be demonstrated. Results indicate that CXCR1 polymorphisms influence viability and concentration of milk PMNL and provide a foundation for future research.     

免疫胶体金标记技术及其在植物保护上的应用前景

综述了胶体金制备、质量鉴定方法 ,胶体金探针的制备、纯化方法 ,以膜为固相载体的免疫胶体金快速试验即免疫层析和免疫渗滤试验技术 ,以及免疫胶体金标记技术在植物保护研究领域中的应用前景。