蓝塘猪和长白猪leptin和leptin受体基因表达的变化

用实时荧光定量PCR方法研究了蓝塘猪和长白猪1、27、90、150和180日龄阶段脂肪组织中leptin基因mRNA和下丘脑中leptin受体基因mRNA的变化,并对2个品种不同生长阶段血液中leptin含量的变化规律进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)蓝塘猪180日龄时皮下脂肪中leptin基因表达量显著高于其它各阶段,而与长白猪相比,蓝塘猪除1日龄低于长白猪外,其它各个阶段均高于长白猪,180日龄两者差异极显著;长白猪各阶段间差异不显著;(2)蓝塘猪180日龄时下丘脑中leptin受体基因的表达量显著高于其它各阶段,长白猪180日龄时最高,且显著高于1日龄和27日龄,蓝塘猪与长白猪1日龄时差异显著;(3)蓝塘猪血清中leptin浓度各阶段均高于长白猪,两品种均是150日龄时最高,蓝塘猪150日龄显著高于27日龄和180日龄,长白猪各阶段差异不显著。     

Comparative study of plasma leptin concentration between solid ruminal and liquid abomasal feeding in weaned adult sheep

This experiment was conducted to investigate the difference between ruminal (solid feed, SF) and abomasal (liquid feed, LF) feeding on the plasma leptin concentration in sheep. The experiment consisted of 2 weeks to adapt the animals to SF, 4 weeks of feeding on SF, 2 weeks adaptation to LF, 8 weeks of feeding on LF, 2 weeks of adaptation to SF, and 4 weeks of feeding on SF. The LF directory flowed into the abomasums of sheep by bottle feeding. Plasma leptin concentration before morning feeding was almost constant in the SF periods, whereas it showed between‐day variations when measured during the LF periods. Mean plasma leptin levels were higher for LF (7.77 ± 0.76 ng/mL; mean ± SE) than for SF periods (3.95 ± 0.16 ng/mL; mean ± SE). Although plasma leptin concentration did not show any change after feeding in the SF and LF periods, plasma insulin and glucose levels increased within 15 min after liquid abomasal feeding, but not after solid ruminal feeding. The high plasma leptin concentration during the LF periods in weaned sheep could be due to change of digestible energy intake and changes in plasma insulin and glucose levels accompanying the changes in digestive processes and nutrient supply.     

‘宁紫薯1号’花青素组分鉴定及其对大鼠高脂诱导肥胖的预防效果

【目的】紫甘薯是天然抗氧化物花青素的重要来源。鉴定‘宁紫薯1号’花青素(PSPC)组成成分,探索紫甘薯花青素对高脂诱导肥胖的预防效果并探讨其分子机制。【方法】通过液质联用技术分析紫甘薯新品种‘宁紫薯1号’的花青素组分;采用p H示差法测定制备的样品中总花青素含量。建立因高脂摄入过多导致机体产生营养性肥胖的动物模型,并灌胃不同剂量的紫甘薯花青素比较其预防肥胖效果。每周定时测量大鼠禁食6 h后的体重,通过试剂盒检测大鼠血清样品血糖(Glu)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)的含量,采用酶联免疫法检测瘦素(Leptin)含量。通过荧光定量PCR法(RT-PCR)检测下丘脑样品瘦素及其受体的m RNA表达,采用蛋白质免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测瘦素及其下游蛋白的信号表达。【结果】分离鉴定出11种PSPC组分,其中10种为已知的矢车菊素和芍药素酰基化衍生物,峰1为新发现的1种化合物。制备的花青素样品中矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷含量为17.4%。体重指标直接表明高剂量花青素组预防肥胖效果最好,为(358.2±20.1)g,中剂量组其次,为(371.6±16.3)g;效果最差的为低剂量组,体重为(384.0±7.2)g。紫甘薯花青素各剂量组大鼠血糖、甘油三酯和总胆固醇的3项血生化指标均趋于正常水平,有效预防肥胖的发生。血清瘦素检测结果显示,高脂组比对照组多释放65.50%;低剂量、中剂量和高剂量紫甘薯花青素组血清瘦素含量分别为(3.13±0.05)、(2.84±0.12)和(2.64±0.06)ng·m L~(-1),与高脂组相比均显著下降。同时不同剂量紫甘薯花青素组下丘脑中瘦素及瘦素受体的m RNA表达均显著高于高脂组。而高剂量紫甘薯花青素组可以调节下丘脑中瘦素信号,从而降低下游腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α(AMPKα)的磷酸化。【结论】高剂量紫甘薯花青素可以通过调节下丘脑中leptin/AMPKα信号通路有效抑制高脂诱导肥胖的形成。     

Effects of largely different feeding intensities on serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 concentrations,quantified by enzyme immunoassay,leptin and growth hormone receptor 1 mRNA in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), somatolactin and leptin are involved in growth regulation and energy metabolism in fish. We herein focused on serum IGF‐1 concentration analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in restrictively fed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The animals were fed a high‐fat/low‐protein diet at daily feed increases (DFI) ranging from 0.5% to 2% of initial body weight (IBW), starting either at 62 or 176 g IBW. In selected groups, growth hormone receptor 1 (GHR1) and leptin mRNA were quantified in liver, and GHR1 mRNA also in visceral adipose tissue. Serum IGF‐1 concentrations in both IBW groups were highest at 2% and 1% DFI and were nonlinearly decreasing with reduced DFI. The low‐IBW groups had mostly lower IGF‐1 concentrations than the high‐IBW groups. Leptin and GHR1 mRNA decreased with feeding intensity in liver, but GHR1 mRNA increased in adipose tissue. IGF‐1 is related to growth and may help to mitigate oxidative stress in consequence of lipid mobilization during restrictive feeding. IGF‐1 secretion associated with stress response in addition to its function in growth and energy metabolism seemed to reach a point of inflection at DFI 1%. Leptin and GHR1 might be linked to lipid metabolism and free fatty acid partitioning towards liver.     

利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统在家蚕中表达人瘦素蛋白

瘦素(leptin)蛋白由肥胖基因编码,对人体能量代谢等多种生理过程起着重要的调节作用。利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统,将人瘦素蛋白基因(lep)克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pFastBacHTb,并转化E.coli DH10Bac,获得重组杆粒Bacmid-lep,然后转染家蚕BmN细胞,获得重组杆状病毒。用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法在感染重组病毒的家蚕BmN细胞检测到大小约22 kD的蛋白条带,与预期的人瘦素蛋白分子质量相符。给家蚕5龄起蚕注射重组病毒液后的4～5 d出现发病症状,RT-PCR检测发病家蚕的血液中有lep基因转录,并通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测到大小为22 kD的人瘦素蛋白的表达。研究结果表明,利用Bac-to-Bac表达系统能够获得含有人瘦素蛋白基因的重组杆状病毒,并且目的蛋白能在家蚕细胞及幼虫体内表达。     

日粮中添加亮氨酸对生长大鼠血浆瘦素水平和骨骼肌蛋白质代谢的影响

试验旨在探讨添加亮氨酸的日粮对生长大鼠生长性能、骨骼肌蛋白质代谢和瘦素分泌的影响。试验选用24只4周龄雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠作为试验动物,分别饲喂添加3%L-亮氨酸的试验日粮和添加2.04%L-丙氨酸的对照日粮,试验期为12 d。试验第12天,所有大鼠大剂量一次性腹腔注射L-[ring-2H5]苯丙氨酸注射液。结果表明:日粮添加亮氨酸对大鼠生长性能没有显著影响(P>0.05);试验组大鼠血浆中瘦素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。持续饲喂试验日粮的大鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的蛋白质分解均显著低于对照组大鼠(P<0.01),但仅腓肠肌蛋白质合成显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。总之,长期饲喂添加L-亮氨酸的日粮可以提高生长大鼠血浆中瘦素浓度,并可显著调节生长大鼠骨骼肌蛋白质代谢。     

Correlations between circulating leptin concentrations and growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality indexes in finishing Simmental × Luxi bulls fed high‐concentrate diets

Circulating leptin concentrations could potentially be used as a predictor of production traits in cattle. This study aimed to clarify the correlations between circulating leptin concentrations and growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality indexes in finishing bulls fed high‐concentrate diets (concentrate‐to‐forage ratio 70:30). Fifty‐seven Simmental × Luxi F1 crossbred bulls were used for 112‐day finishing experiment. Circulating leptin concentrations and relevant indexes of growth performance, and carcass traits and meat quality were measured during or after finishing trail. The results indicated that the leptin concentrations tended to be negatively correlated with dry matter intake (DMI) (r = ?.233, p = .081), and were positively correlated with 12th‐rib fat thickness (r = .330, p = .012), marbling score (r = .336, p = .011), and intramuscular fat content (r = .368, p = .021). Moreover, the leptin concentrations were negatively correlated with cholesterol content (r = ?.339, p = .037) and were not correlated with sensory indexes including tenderness, juiciness, and like flavor (p > .05). In conclusion, circulating leptin concentrations may potentially be used as a predictor of carcass traits related to content of fat and beef quality traits related to content of cholesterol in finishing bulls fed high‐concentrate diets.     

外源CNT对哈白兔体内CNT和GH及瘦素动态变化的影响

【目的】研究外源性环核苷酸(CNT)对动物血浆中内源环鸟苷酸(cGMP)和环腺苷酸(cAMP)、生长激素(GH)及瘦素动态变化规律的调控作用。【方法】以哈白兔为试验动物,设置对照组(注射生理盐水)、cGMP组、cAMP组和cGMP+cAMP组,后3个处理组分别外源注射cGMP、cAMP及其等量混合物的腹腔注射液,在注射后1,3,6,10,15,21,28,36,45,55,65,75,85,95h采集血样,分别运用放射免疫法测定动物内源cGMP、cAMP、瘦素及GH的含量。【结果】单独注射cGMP可以显著提高内源性cGMP的水平,而且在注射后45h以内效果最佳;单独注射cAMP可以显著提高内源性cAMP的水平,而且在4d或者更长时间会持续有效;无论单独注射cAMP或cGMP,还是混合注射cAMP+cGMP,内源性cAMP总有优于内源性cGMP 6%的优势。此外,cGMP对血浆瘦素水平有较小的正调控作用,cAMP对血浆瘦素水平有负调控作用,cGMP+cAMP对血浆瘦素的调控作用介于以上两者之间,而且cAMP的作用相对较为明显;注射cAMP后的55h以内,瘦素质量浓度明显降低,以后趋于正常;cGMP、cAMP及cGMP+cAMP对血浆GH质量浓度均有显著的正向调控作用,而且以cGMP的优势更为明显。【结论】探讨了外源CNT作用下内源cGMP、cAMP、瘦素及GH的动态变化规律,为通过外源CNT来调节动物体生理水平提供了理论依据。     

Serum concentrations of leptin in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches

Leptin regulates body weight and several physiological processes including reproduction. We evaluated the circulating levels of leptin in pregnant and non-pregnant bitches as well as their correlation with body weight, food intake and number of foetuses. Nineteen healthy German shepherd bitches were used and divided in two groups (pregnant n = 12 and non-pregnant n = 7). Blood samples were collected every 15 days starting from ovulation (Day 0) throughout pregnancy (pregnant group, P) or throughout luteal phase (non-pregnant group, NP) In pregnant bitches, leptin concentrations increased from the day of ovulation (1.32 ± 0.06 ng/ml) up to day 45 (1.51 ± 0.06 ng/ml; p < .01) and returned to baseline values from day 60 post-ovulation. In non-pregnant bitches, leptin concentrations remained constant throughout the whole observation period (estimated marginal mean ± SE=1.33 ± 0.38 ng/ml). Pairwise comparisons showed significant differences between P and NP at day 45 post-ovulation (p < .05). Multivariable models indicated that, controlling for time and litter size, there was a positive relationship between leptin concentration and BW (p < .05) although Pearson coefficients showed that the correlation between BW and leptin was only significant in NP animals at day 45 (r = 0.76, p < .05). The multivariable approach also suggested that, holding BW and time constant, leptin concentrations tend to increase as the number of puppies increased (p = .06). Our study supports indirectly the contribution of the feto-placental unit to the circulating maternal leptin concentration.     

Leptin长型受体与神经肽Y在猪前脑内共存

用原位杂交与免疫组织化学相结合的方法研究了 5头三元杂交仔猪前脑内leptin长型受体mRNA与神经肽Y(NPY)免疫反应阳性物质的共存关系。实验结果表明 ,leptin长型受体mRNA和NPY免疫反应阳性神经元分布于下丘脑漏斗核和前室周核、海马、杏仁核及大脑皮质。上述结构内一些表达leptin长型受体mRNA的神经元也含有NPY免疫反应阳性物质 ,即leptin长型受体与NPY共存于同一神经元内。提示leptin可能通过下丘脑漏斗核和室周核以及边缘系统的海马和杏仁核 ,甚至大脑皮质中表达leptin长型受体mRNA的NPY免疫反应阳性神经元调节动物的摄食、能量代谢、生长和繁殖等活动。