洞穴环境替代指标研究现状及其石漠化记录研究问题探究

在总结前人关于运用洞穴指标体系研究地表环境理论的基础上,分析洞穴指标体系在喀斯特石漠化中的应用现状,得出了以下几点认识:(1)喀斯特石漠化环境信息主要在岩溶水溶解阶段输入洞穴系统,同时外界环境信息在降雨阶段的输入及沉积阶段的化学变化影响着石漠化信息在洞穴沉积物中的提取.(2)洞穴沉积物的δ18O、δ13C同位素值与Mg/Ca、Mg/Sr等指标已成功应用于地表环境研究,但目前用于反演喀斯特石漠化信息的指标仅为前者.(3)洞穴滴水作为洞穴沉积物系统的直接来源,进行喀斯特石漠化信息解译必然要在其理论研究基础上进行长期监测、分析,然而,这一过程面临着诸多问题.     

基于相态图像在线检测的RCP轴封内流场试验研究

为了研究反应堆冷却剂主泵动压轴封异常工作状态、验证第三级副密封所处工况条件,开展了轴系温度分布仿真分析.采用微型内窥装置在线获取三级低压泄漏流相态图像,对所得图像进行数值化处理;采用Sobel边沿检测算法求取图像边沿化后的均方差,实现了基于内窥图像的主泵轴封低压泄漏流相态的在线监测.通过提高密封第三级泄漏背压,改善浮动...     

新疆石河子垦区农耕区鼠种组成及危害状况研究

2006年6月～2007年8月,采用夹日法在新疆石河子垦区对农耕区鼠类种类组成及危害状况进行了研究.结果表明:垦区共有鼠类11种,其中农田优势鼠种为小家鼠(Mus musculus)和小林姬鼠(Apodemus sylvaticus),荒漠-棉田过渡带灰仓鼠(Cricetulus migratorius )、三趾跳鼠(Dispus sagitta)为优势种群,荒漠梭梭林子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)为优势种群.夏季小林姬鼠、灰仓鼠雄性成体的睾丸下降率最高,分别为66.7;、77.8;; 雌性小家鼠的胎仔数和怀孕率最高,分别为8.9仔/胎、77.8;.根据捕获率和作物(林木)受害率指标,棉田、鲜食葡萄园、葡萄-瓜类间作地的鼠类危害为轻度,酒葡萄园、蟠桃园、苗圃、苜蓿地、苹果园、玉米地鼠类危害为中度,沙地梭梭林中鼠类危害为重度.加强田间管理措施,提高生态灭鼠效果是农耕区鼠害防治的重要方法.     

江苏省果树生产现状及发展对策

通过调查江苏省果树生产现状,阐述了江苏省果树发展存在的主要问题,提出了提高江苏省果树种类多样性、调整优化果树品种结构、加大扶持力度、争创品牌等促进江苏省果树生产健康、快速、高效发展的战略对策。     

大豆叶茸毛着生状态的变异及其与豆卷叶螟抗性的相关性

大量观察发现大豆叶柄茸毛着生状态有别于叶片茸毛着生状态.根据对392份来自全国各生态区的代表性样本的观察,将叶片茸毛着生状态分为匍匐、半匍匐和斜立3类,将叶柄茸毛着生状态分为紧贴、倾斜和直立3类.发现茸毛着生状态与地理来源有关,纬度增大,斜立型叶片茸毛和直立型叶柄茸毛有增加的趋势.叶片和叶柄茸毛着生状态存在极显著相关性,X2为164.72.叶片茸毛着生状态和叶柄茸毛着生状态与豆卷叶螟抗性等级间也存在极显著相关,X2分别为187.46和123.44.匍匐、半匍匐叶片茸毛和紧贴、倾斜叶柄茸毛是抗虫性状,而斜立叶片茸毛和直立叶柄茸毛是感虫性状.卷叶率、虫包在叶片和叶柄茸毛着生状态间都存在显著差异.匍匐型、半匍匐型叶片茸毛能分别降低32.25%和3.72%的虫包数,51.37%和6.89%的卷叶率.紧贴型、倾斜型叶柄茸毛能分别降低25.93%和46.40%的虫包数.42.20%和62.81%的卷叶率,大豆叶茸毛着生状态呵作为豆卷叶螟扰性的指示性状,用于大豆抗豆卷叶螟的种质筛选和育种.     

浙江淳安千岛湖茶叶批发市场发育状况调查

本文以浙江淳安千岛玉叶茶叶批发市场实地考察为基础,从市场交易规模、交易形式、经营者状况、市场辐射面、市场商品组成、市场价格形成、市场流通方式等多方面对该市场发育状况进行了分析,最后对其发展前景进行了预测。     

河北省糯稻研究利用历史、现状及发展方向

回顾了河北省糯稻种植及育种历史,分析了自上世纪九十年代,河北省糯稻选育走过的从引进到自主研发创新的过程,展望未来,提出了以优质、高产、抗病、熟期适宜作为糯稻新品种选育目标,合理布局,政策扶植,加大招商力度,树立品牌形象,做大做强糯米产业等发展对策。     

The effect of land management on carbon and nitrogen status in plants and soils of alpine meadows on the Tibetan plateau

Large‐scale grassland rehabilitation has been carried out on the severely degraded lands of the Tibetan plateau. The grasslands created provide a useful model for evaluating the recovery of ecosystem properties. The purposes of this research were: (1) to examine the relative influence of various rehabilitation practices on carbon and nitrogen in plants and soils in early secondary succession; and (2) to evaluate the degree to which severely degraded grassland altered plant and soil properties relative to the non‐disturbed native community. The results showed: (1) The aboveground tissue C and N content in the control were 105·97 g m⁻² and 3·356 g m⁻², respectively. The aboveground tissue C content in the mixed seed treatment, the single seed treatment, the natural recovery treatment and the severely degraded treatment was 137 per cent, 98 per cent, 49 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. The corresponding aboveground tissue N content was 109 per cent, 84 per cent, 60 per cent and 47 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. (2) Root C and N content in 0–20 cm depths of the control had an average 1606 g m⁻² and 30·36 g m⁻², respectively. Root C and N content in the rehabilitation treatments were in the range of 26–36 per cent and 35–53 per cent, while those in the severely degraded treatment were only 17 per cent and 26 per cent of that in the control. (3) In the control the average soil C and N content at 0–20 cm was 11 307 g m⁻² and 846 g m⁻², respectively. Soil C content in the uppermost 20 cm in the seeded treatments, the natural recovery treatment and the severely degraded treatment was 67 per cent, 73 per cent and 57 per cent, respectively, while soil N content in the uppermost 20 cm was 72 per cent, 82 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. The severely degraded land was a major C source. Restoring the severely degraded lands to perennial vegetation was an alternative approach to sequestering C in former degraded systems. N was a limiting factor in seeding grassland. It is necessary for sustainable utilization of seeding grassland to supply extra N fertilizer to the soil or to add legume species into the seed mix. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of deer exclusion on soil nutrients in oak forests of a central European low mountain range

High densities of red deer can have severe impacts on soil nutrient status by removing the ground vegetation and enhancing erosion of the fertile soil layers. We compared four fenced deer exclosures with adjacent unfenced sites to evaluate the effect of deer grazing and trampling on the soil nutrient status (C_org, N_t, PO₄³⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺) in sloping oak forests of a central European low mountain range. The investigation was set up as a three‐factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with the factors: ‘fencing’ (fenced/unfenced), ‘gradient’ (gentle/steep) and ‘aspect’ (windward/leeward). We hypothesized that exclusion of red deer by fencing would increase soil nutrient contents independent of slope gradient and aspect. Fencing increased the contents of C_org, N_t, Ca²⁺ and PO₄³⁻, but only at the windward sites. This effect was less pronounced at the gently sloping site than at the steep site, which exhibited the lowest contents of C_org, N_t and PO₄³⁻ of all sites. We did not find increased soil nutrients in the fenced exclosures at the leeward sites, neither at the steep nor at the gently sloping site. At both slope aspects nutrient contents (C_org, N_t, PO₄³⁻, K⁺) tended to be higher on the gentle than at the corresponding steep slopes. Our results suggest that red deer trampling and grazing enhance the loss of soil nutrients at predisposed sites such as windward locations with a high slope gradient. Only at such sites did the exclusion of red deer increase several soil nutrients. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.