Effects of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on growth performance,serum metabolites,immune responses,antioxidant status,and meat quality of lambs

The present study was to evaluate the effects of dried Allium mongolicum Regel (AMR) powder and its water- and fat-soluble extracts (AWE and AFE) on the growth performance, serum metabolites, immune responses, antioxidant status, and meat quality of lambs. A total of 32 male small-tailed Han lambs (5 months old; initial body weight = 34.8 ± 0.40 kg) were used in a 60-d feeding experiment after a 15-d adaptation period. The lambs were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8) and fed a basal diet (control, CON group), the basal diet supplemented with dried AMR powder at 10 g/d per lamb (AMR group), the basal diet supplemented with AWE at 3.4 g/d per lamb (AWE group), or the basal diet supplemented with AFE at 2.8 g/d per lamb (AFE group). Blood samples were collected on d 0, 30, and 60 in the feeding experiment (n = 8). At the end of the experiment, the lambs were sacrificed and the longissimus dorsi muscles collected. Growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary supplementation of AMR, AWE and AFE (P > 0.05). However, significantly lower albumin (P = 0.006), total protein (P = 0.006), globin (P = 0.025), and blood urea nitrogen (P = 0.024) concentrations were observed in AFE group relative to CON and AMR groups. Similarly, a significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity (P = 0.018) was observed in AFE group relative to AWE group, but not in other groups (P > 0.05). In addition, significantly increasing trends in glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.06) in AMR, AWE, and AFE groups were observed relative to the control group. Furthermore, significantly lower drip loss (P = 0.011) across the treatment groups and cooking loss (P = 0.048) were observed in the AMR group relative to the control group. Taken together, these results indicate that AMR and its extracts had no significant effect on lamb growth performance, antioxidant status, and immune responses, but could significantly improve meat quality without the occurrence of pathological kidney and liver lesions.     

In ovo feeding of nutrients and its impact on post‐hatching water and feed deprivation up to 48 hr,energy status and jejunal morphology of chicks using response surface models

A Box–Behnken design (BBD) in a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the response of broiler chicks to in ovo feeding (IOF) of beta‐hydroxy beta‐methylbutyrate (HMB), dextrin and the timing of the first water and feed deprivation. On day 18th of incubation, 1,500 eggs were randomly assigned to 15 experimental runs of BBD, each with 4 replicates, as 3 levels IOF of HMB (0%, 0.5% and 1%) and dextrin (0%, 20% and 40%), and 3 levels of the first water and feed deprivation (6, 27 and 48 hr). Day‐old chicks from each replicate were then used to assess the effect of IOF and time first water and feed access on chick's responses. The IOF of dextrin leads to respectively 9.7%–15.5% lower hatchability for 20% and 40% inclusion (p < .05), whereas HMB inclusion appeared with no effect on hatchability (p > .05). Administration of dextrin or HMB into the amnion of embryos elevated length, width and surface area of villus, and increased glycogen content of liver and breast (p < .05). In all parameter models, the linear terms showed highest contribution (R² = 0.81–0.97) to explain existing variation in chick's responses. The first water and feed deprivation had largest effect on BW2 and glycogen content of liver and breast. It is concluded that if possible, place chicks before 7 hr of hatch to preserve BW loss and have maximum response from IOF. If not possible, use IOF with 40% dextrin + 0.5% HMB to preserve gut integrity and energy status up to 48 hr. This should give advantage to chicks to recover fast after feeding, but that would have to be confirmed by trials growing birds to slaughter age.     

海北地区紫花苜蓿引种试验研究

在海北州西海镇和牧试站人工草地试验基地,门源县浩门镇、刚察县沙柳河镇等四个点上开展了1～4秋眠级的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）小区种植试验。结果表明,紫花苜蓿供试品种在不同试点上生长发育状况差异较大,种植当年发育程度、生长高度、覆盖度和产量差异明显;越冬成活状况受气象条件和土壤条件的共同影响,其中刚察沙柳河镇的试验种植不成功;若种植当年能够越冬成活,则从第二年开始进入旺盛生长期,每年可收获1茬,产量随生长年限的延长而增加,越冬不再成为障碍,但果实不能成熟。通过适应性和高原气候特点的分析,初步界定了海北地区紫花苜蓿适宜推广种植区域。     

三峡工程建设中的能源植物资源生存现状及保护措施研究

根据三峡库区特有的地理、气候特点,调查了三峡水利工程建设中能源植物的生存现状,初步提出了三峡库区能源植物相应的保护措施,为库区发展生物能源提供决策依据。     

弱势群体保护法律问题探析

关注弱势群体、保护弱势群体的合法权益是实现社会公平、全面建设和谐社会的重要任务。笔者从法律的角度对弱势群体的概念进行界定,分析其产生的原因,并在探讨了我国弱势群体法律保护现状的基础上,指出该制度体系存在的问题,提出完善我国弱势群体法律保护制度的建议。     

猪流感在我国的流行现状

猪流感是由正黏病毒科猪流感病毒引起的不同日龄、性别和品种猪的一种急性、热性和高度接触性、群发性呼吸道疾病,其临床上以发病急促,高热咳嗽,鼻中流出分泌物,呼吸困难,衰竭,怀孕母猪繁殖障碍、流产、死亡等病症为特征。目前,猪流感在我国各地广泛存在和发生,给养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失,并且严重危害人类的健康。本文就猪流感近几年在我国的流行现状进行简要概述,以期引起科研工作者和养殖者对猪流感的高度重视,继而建立有效的防制机制,减少由该病带来的危害。     

天祝县岔口驿马产业发展现状及潜力

本文针对天祝县岔口驿马产业发展的现状,分析了岔口驿马产业发展的潜在优势,通过政府扶持和政策引导,为岔口驿马产业的健康、快速发展提供了依据。     

八珍汤对乳牛产后免疫状态的影响

为了探索提高乳牛产后期免疫状态的新方法，对试验乳牛分4组（产前第30d至产前第1d灌喂组、产前第15d至产后第15d灌喂组、产后第1d至第30d灌喂组、不灌喂中药对照组）灌喂中药八珍汤，检测产后期淋巴细胞及其亚群数量和淋巴细胞增殖活化功能。结果发现，产前组CD3细胞数量在产后第1d升高；产前产后组CD3、CD4和CD8细胞数量在产后第1d和第15d升高；产后组CD3细胞数量在产后第15d和第30d升高，CD4细胞数量也在产后第30d升高。淋巴细胞对ConA的反应能力，产前产后组在产后第1～30d明显提高，产后组在产后第15d和第30d明显提高。各组乳牛产后期CD21细胞数量的变化相近。结果表明，从产前第15d开始到产后第15d每日喂八珍汤，能明显提高乳牛产后期T细胞及其亚群数量和增加淋巴细胞增殖活化功能，而对B细胞数量增加的作用不明显。     

Central venous blood gas and acid-base status in conscious dogs and cats

To determine the reference level of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) and clinical efficacy of central venous blood gas analysis, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, oxygen saturation, base excess (B.E.) and HCO₃ concentration were compared between simultaneously obtained central venous and arterial blood samples from conscious healthy 6 dogs and 5 cats. Comparisons between arteriovenous samples were performed by a paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis. Between arteriovenous samples, B.E. showed good agreement, but there were significant differences in other parameters in the dogs, and no good agreement was detected in cats. The ScvO₂ in dogs and cats were 82.3 ± 3.5 and 62.4 ± 13.5%, respectively. Central venous blood gas analysis is indispensable, especially in cats.