Designing sustainable agriculture education: Academics’ suggestions for an undergraduate curriculum at a land grant university

Historically, land grant universities and their colleges of agriculture have been discipline driven in both their curricula and research agendas. Critics call for interdisciplinary approaches to undergraduate curriculum. Concomitantly, sustainable agriculture (SA) education is beginning to emerge as a way to address many complex social and environmental problems. University of California at Davis faculty, staff, and students are developing an undergraduate SA major. To inform this process, a web-based Delphi survey of academics working in fields related to SA was conducted. Faculty from colleges and universities across the US were surveyed. Participants suggested that students needed knowledge of natural and social science disciplines relating to the agri-food system. In addition, stakeholders suggested students learn through experiences that link the classroom to field work, engaging a broad range of actors within applied settings. Stakeholders also emphasized the need for interdisciplinary and applied scholarship. Additionally, they proposed a range of teaching and learning approaches, including many practical experiences. Given the diverse suggestions of content knowledge and means of producing knowledge, the survey presented unique challenges and called into question the epistemological and pedagogical norms currently found in land grant colleges of agriculture. This study has implications for land grant universities seeking to develop undergraduate curriculum appropriate to the field of SA. Damian M. Parr is a doctoral student of Agricultural and Environmental Education, in the School of Education at the University of California at Davis. His professional interests include organic farming, sustainable agriculture, experiential and transformational learning, critical pedagogy, and participatory action research. He is currently working on linking on-campus student initiated sustainable farm and food systems projects to curricula at land grant universities Cary J. Trexler is an assistant professor of Agricultural and Environmental Education at the University of California at Davis where he teaches courses in the history of agricultural education, experiential learning, and research methods for practicing teachers. His research focuses on experiential learning, sustainable agriculture education, and needs of teachers and informal educators within the context of the agri-food system Navina R. Khanna is a graduate student pursuing an MS in International Agricultural Development at the University of California at Davis. She is committed to facilitating community dialogue and education about sustainability issues. Her work at the university focuses on the process and goal of sustainability in agricultural education and campus food system sustainability. Her primary professional interests include democratic participatory process in agri-food system sustainability and urban revitalization Bryce T. Battisti is a doctoral student of Agricultural and Environmental Education, in the School of Education at the University of California at Davis. His research interests include the development of alternative models for university education that are founded on student-centered experiential learning. Specifically, he studies models of permaculture education that lead toward accredited degrees and relates these models to sustainable agriculture degree programs     

Seeing is Believing: The Role of Field Days and Tours in Precision Agriculture Education

The traditional role of field days and tours has been to introduce growers and agricultural professionals to new technologies and techniques so that the audience could see how these technologies or techniques could be practically used and applied. Based on this concept, the use of field days or tours to demonstrate the radically new technologies and site-specific management techniques behind precision farming is a perfect application of these tools. Indeed, a survey of precision farming field days held in a number of states found that field days were beneficial in showing growers and agricultural professionals global positioning systems, yield monitoring systems, techniques for grid soil sampling, software for geographic information systems, vehicle guidance systems, variable-rate application equipment, and a host of other technologies and processes. In particular, hands-on experiences, such as field demonstrations, guided sampling activities, and combine harvesting demonstrations are extremely well received and valuable. Indoor seminars featuring farmer panels, side-by-side software demonstrations, and demonstrations of geographic information systems have received high marks by participants. The survey found that a field day must be centered on a well-defined objective and a thorough understanding of the needs of the audience. Survey respondents unanimously agreed that precision farming field days and tours will be even more important as future advances in technology and management techniques are discovered. However, future precision agriculture field days or tours must be coupled with other issues or topics where precision agriculture technologies can be used to solve a practical problem and enhance management practices.     

高职院校文化课教考分离初探

教考分离是教育改革的一项新举措,是提高教学质量的一个有效途径。教考分离的实施对于促进教风、学风建设与提高教学质量有着重要意义。本文阐述了教考分离的目的、意义及其优势,并探讨了完善教考分离模式的具体措施。     

论培养军校学员的自主学习能力

自主学习是一种学习者能够管理自己的学习行为的现代学习理论。信息化时代, 军校学员自主学习能力的培养是必要的。它需要教员转变师生观念, 因材施教, 激发学员自主学习兴趣, 指导自主学习方法, 培养自主学习能力。     

图式理论和英语词汇教学

我们要尽量去认识单词和与它们相关的词之间的网络联系,而不是仅仅记住单词和它的意思。要帮助学生扩大词汇量并考出好成绩,我们认为应该加大词汇教学的力度。而应用图式理论对词汇教学法有很大帮助。     

基于BERT和深度主动学习的农业新闻文本分类方法

[目的/意义]当前农业新闻分类研究中的模型训练以被动学习方式居多,普遍存在数据无法即时标注及标注成本过高的问题,对农业新闻分析工作也造成了一定阻碍。为解决该问题,运用主动学习或者深度主动学习技术从未标注数据中选择更有价值和代表性的数据进行人工标注并构建标注数据集,提升农业新闻挖掘工作效率和效果。[方法/过程]将文本分类常用的机器学习模型结合主动学习方法分析提升效果,以及使用BERT模型结合3种采样策略进行深度主动学习训练,在共19 847条样本的新闻爬虫语料上以筛选出农业相关新闻为目标,通过每轮增加30个样本标注的迭代实验进行测试。[结果/结论]实验结果表明：主动学习方法的应用对各个模型的训练过程均有明显提升。其中BERT模型配合判别性主动学习采样函数,具有最优的新闻文本分类效果和最低的标注数据需求。     

中国大学早期学报学术性特征研究

学报演变为学术刊物，在我国经历了由学术、新闻、文艺等内容混杂的杂志型过渡时期后，才变为最终的纯学术型。这时办刊者把学术性作为学报的主要特征，在编排内容和形式上，均以突出学术性为特色。在办刊的同时，办刊者还开展了编辑出版学术研究，从而推动了学报编辑出版工作的全面发展。     

高校教师职务晋升综合考核标准与评价办法探讨

本文就高校教师职务晋升考核评定问题进行探讨,阐述教师工作能力与成绩的考评指标体系的确立与定性定量分析计算,把具有弹性不易掌握的任职条件加以量化,设计出一套晋升不同教师职务的考核标准和评价办法,为综合评价教师的能力、水平与成绩提供根据。     

基于近红外光谱技术检测全蛋粉掺假

为提高全蛋粉掺假检测的准确度和检测效果,应用近红外光谱技术对全蛋粉掺假进行定性判别并对掺假含量进行定量分析。分别采用标准正态变换、多元散射校正、卷积平滑、归一化、一阶导数、二阶导数等6种不同预处理方法,对原始光谱数据进行预处理,采用竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）、连续投影算法（SPA）及CARS-SPA结合算法对光谱数据进行特征波长筛选,建立集成学习（ensemble learning,EL）模型对掺假蛋粉进行定性判别,建立偏最小二乘模型（PLSR）对掺假含量进行定量分析。结果显示：在对掺假蛋粉进行定性判别方面,一阶导数为最佳预处理方法,CARS算法特征筛选效果最佳,EL模型对掺假蛋粉样本总体判别准确率达到98.18%,对各类掺假蛋粉样品的判别准确率在97.78%以上。在对蛋粉掺假含量进行定量分析方面,多元散射校正为最佳预处理方法,CARS算法特征筛选效果更佳,对一组分掺假、二组分掺假、三组分掺假和所有掺假样本的PLSR浓度预测模型的预测集相关系数（R_p）分别为0.958 5、0.931 2、0.945 6和0.955 8,均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为4.689 1、5.813 4、4.604 1和3.802 9。研究结果表明,近红外光谱技术可用于蛋粉掺假检测,为监管机构检测蛋粉掺假提供参考。