中华鼢鼠生物学特性的研究

通过研究中华鼢鼠生物学特性，其食性食量125g／d，每个洞内食物存放平均750g；解剖观察，怀孕胚胎2-4个，平均3．38个，雌雄比为53．16：46．84。     

Forest School and its impacts on young children: Case studies in Britain

As Forest School has become more widespread throughout Britain an understanding is needed of its impact. This paper outlines a two-phase evaluation project undertaken in Wales and England from 2002 to 2005. The evaluation was undertaken through a partnership between Forest Research and the New Economics Foundation. A methodology was developed to explore the impacts of Forest School on children and this was then used to track changes in 24 children at three case study areas over an 8-month period. The research highlights that children can benefit in a range of ways. Six themes emerged from the data of the positive impacts on children in terms of confidence, social skills, language and communication, motivation and concentration, physical skills and knowledge and understanding. Two further themes highlight the wider impacts of Forest School on teachers, parents, and the extended family. Contact with the natural environment can be limited for children and young people in contemporary society due to concerns about safety outdoors and issues of risk and liability. Forest School provides an important opportunity for children to gain access to and become familiar with woodlands on a regular basis, while learning academic and practical skills. The constructivist theory of learning seems to be particularly suited to the Forest School approach as children make meaning from their direct experiences. The participatory action research approach taken in this study promoted reflective practice amongst the stakeholders involved and provided them with a sense of ownership of the study, as well as an opportunity to learn from each other.     

Role of social networks in urban forest management collaboration: A case study in northern Japan

Public participation is crucial for sustainable forest management. In particular, in urban forest areas, it is an important tool for overcoming conflicts among diverse needs regarding the forests through collaboration between citizens and governments. Such collaboration requires social learning. Social learning is dependent upon the presence of social networks that serve as an infrastructure for social capital. This study analyses the role of the social network in a participatory forest management approach of the Nopporo Forest Regeneration Project (NFRP) in the urban Nopporo National Forest in Hokkaido, northern Japan, aimed at restoring a typhoon damaged forest.Within the framework of the participatory approach the project hascreated a network of several citizen organizations for exchanging information. Outside this formal NFRP network several additional citizenorganizations are concerned about the Nopporo Forest management. The article describes the overall social network that has evolved around the Nopporo Forest and compares the attitudes and evaluations of the NFRP network organizations and the not formally NFRP related organizations towards their collaboration with government agencies and other citizen organizations. The overall social network around the Nopporo Forest had a multi-nodal character with the National Forest Agency and Hokkaido Prefectural Government acting as main central nodes. Only a few citizen organizations had direct relations to both central nodes; many organizations had links to either the National Forest Agency or the Prefectural Government. The organizations involved in the formal NFRP network had close ties with the National Forest Agency. This contributed to a positive evaluation of present forest management approach and the collaborative activities of the government agencies. In contrast, the organizations that were not involved in the formal NFRP network were found to have fewer ties with the National Forest Agency. The lack of opportunity to form a direct social learning relation hindered the formation of social capital and resulted in a lower evaluation of the participatory management approach as well as of the collaborative activities. Thus, although the participatory forest management approach of establishing formal social networks enhanced collaboration between the National Forest Agency and several citizen organizations and social learning, it was less successful in encouraging a democratic process involving all interested citizen organizations.     

The Future Development Trend of the Learning Environment

学习环境的未来发展趋向是：以学习为中心,鼓励学生积极参与,使其具有自我管理意识;社会性的合作学习;与学习者的动机和情感具有高度的契合性;关注学习个体间的差异;学习者在这种学习环境中没有过多的学习负荷;使用与目标相一致的评估标准,强调形成性评价的反馈;能促进学校内外以及跨学科活动间的横向连接。为适应学习环境的发展趋向,要将教师放在变革的第一线并改变教师的教育信念,提倡创新形式的教育,提高学校知识管理所发挥的作用,并关注专业化的合作和实践社区。     

高职网络工程教学中的体验学习

在解读体验学习基本理论模型和基本特征的基础上,探析了体验学习在网络工程教学实践中的应用,主要包括网络工程教学过程中开展体验学习的基本流程及其常用的活动形式。     

对数学学法指导的研究

数学学法指导是数学教学理论研究和实践中的一个重要课题。结合教学实践，对数学学法指导的意义、指导的内容、指导的原则及指导的实施四个方面进行了探讨。     

动机对外语学习的影响及相关的措施

研究表明动机是影响外语学习成功与否的一个重要因素。因此,英语教师应通过培养大学生学习兴趣,为大学生创造成功的机会,及时表扬,利用工具型动机,正确对待考试等措施激发大学生学习英语的动机,提高外语学习的成效。     

康氏粉蚧生活习性及防治技术

康氏粉蚧每年在东宁县发生2代,其越冬卵孵化与5月份平均气温有相关性,平均温度越高卵孵化时期越早越集中,化学防治的关键时期是越冬卵孵化盛期,由于其体表被有蜡质,只有采取综合防治措施才能取得较好的防治效果.     

重铸:第二语言教学和学习中的有效反馈

该文阐明了重铸的概念、性质、在语言习得中的作用以及与之相关的理论研究背景,并从重铸与接纳的关系、学习者个人因素、语境、目标语的选择、不同类型的重铸等方面分析了重铸在第二语言学习中有效性的影响因素,最后探讨了重铸对我国二语教学和学习的启发和意义。     

模糊神经网络模型参考自适应控制及其应用

提出一种模糊神经网络的自适应控制方案，给出了一种模糊神经网络模型和快速的优化学习算法（ＦＬＡ），通过网络的在线自学习不断修正模糊神经网络控制器的隶属函数和权值，实现了模糊逻辑规则的自动更新，经仿真结果和倒立摆控制表明，这类自适应控制具有良好的控制性能。