罗布欠滑坡的形成机制及治理建议

阐述雷波县境内的罗布欠滑坡所处的地质环境条件，滑坡特征和产生的机制，以及目前的治理和工作情况，并通过对现场的调查和现有资料的学习研究，提出了作者自己的几点建议。     

甘肃省森林资源结构特征分析

森林资源连续清查(简称一类清查)是国家级的森林资源监测工作,其成果是国家最权威的林业基础数据。根据2006年甘肃省第六次森林资源连续清查结果,从权属构成、起源构成和乔木林结构特征、竹林及特灌林等方面对甘肃省森林资源结构特征进行了分析。     

冬季抗旱措施对小麦耗水特征与生育性状的影响

在2010—2011年小麦生长季节降水量为47.7 mm条件下,采用冬季抗旱处理时期(1月28日、2月12日、2月27日)、冬季抗旱措施与春一水灌水量组合(冬季喷灌+春一水灌水量75 mm、漫灌措施+春一水灌水量75 mm,冬季覆盖牛粪措施+春一水灌水量90 mm)2因素设计,研究了河北低平原区高产条件下冬小麦耗水特征和生育性状。结果表明:各处理的小麦全生育期总耗水量为384.93~464.24 mm,产量水分利用效率为15.23~20.87 kg·hm-2·mm-1。播种到越冬期和起身到灌浆期是小麦耗水量较大的时期。同一处理时期不同水肥措施下,随灌水量的增加,耗水量有增加趋势,水分利用效率与灌溉水利用效率有降低趋势;其中以牛粪覆盖措施小麦产量和灌水利用效率最高,喷灌措施小麦产量水分利用效率高于漫灌。同期不同水肥措施对小麦干物质再分配的影响表现为:牛粪覆盖措施和对照促进了小麦开花前营养器官贮存的同化物向籽粒再分配,喷灌和漫灌提高了小麦开花后干物质积累量和籽粒中来自花后积累干物质的比例。不同处理时期同一水肥措施比较,随处理时期推迟籽粒产量有增加趋势。以上结论可为指导小麦冬季田间旱情补救措施提供理论依据。     

冬小麦冠层高光谱特征与覆盖度相关性研究

在2010年度与2011年度冬小麦生长季大田试验小区,实测了3个播种密度、3个灌水水平下冬小麦冠层的高光谱反射率与覆盖度。分析了冬小麦冠层光谱特征以及不同生育期冬小麦冠层光谱特征参数与覆盖度的相关性,建立了基于光谱特征参数的不同生育期冬小麦覆盖度估算模型。结果表明:从返青到成熟,冬小麦冠层可见光区光谱反射率先减小后增大,近红外区先增大后减小。不同种植密度下,适宜供水冬小麦在可见光波段的反射率依次小于轻度亏水、重度亏水条件下的冬小麦;在近红外波段,规律正好相反。在相关性分析中,传统光谱特征参数和新光谱特征参数与覆盖度在不同生育期均具有较好的相关性。相比以传统光谱特征参数为自变量的冬小麦覆盖度估算模型,基于绿峰峰度的估算模型可以提高冬小麦覆盖度的估算精度。     

施肥对闽北三耕土杉木幼林光合特性的影响

研究结果表明 ,施肥不同程度提高了三耕土杉木幼树的光合能力 ,但只有当高的光合能力与较低呼吸相配合时 ,才能形成高光合系数 ,如 M(氮磷钾 + Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu等多元微肥 )、NPK.另外 ,林冠下层的杉木枝条针叶 ,净光合强度上部 >中部 >下部 ,不同叶龄的净光合强度随着叶龄的增长呈指数式下降趋势     

外源性氮和磷对火力楠和马尾松混合凋落叶分解的影响

【目的】研究外源性N和P对火力楠Michelia macclurei和马尾松Pinus massoniana凋落叶分解速率的影响,以及分解过程中的N、P、K含量变化,了解混合凋落叶分解对外源性N和P的响应机制,为森林资源管理提供参考。【方法】将火力楠和马尾松混合凋落叶置于火力楠林地及马尾松林地,分别设立4块5 m×5 m的小样方,喷施N、P和N+P,比较其分解速率及分解过程中的N、P、K含量变化。【结果】在2种林地的不同处理下,24个月后,火力楠林地混合凋落叶残留量为施N(4.99 g)对照(4.14 g)施N+P(2.17 g)施P(1.16 g),马尾松林地混合凋落叶残留量为施N(2.72 g)对照(1.21 g)施N+P(0.36 g)施P(0.16 g),施N对火力楠和马尾松林下的混合凋落叶的分解有抑制作用;施P后两者的混合凋落叶的分解速率均不同程度地有所加快;施N+P后两者的混合凋落叶的分解速率也均加快,但慢于施P处理。马尾松林下混合凋落叶残留量均小于火力楠林下混合凋落叶残留量。分解24个月后,火力楠林地施N、P和N+P的混合凋落叶N质量分数分别为13.72、12.34和13.70 g·kg~(–1),而马尾松林地分别为12.63、13.46和14.54 g·kg~(–1),均显著大于其凋落叶的初始N质量分数(9.90 g·kg~(–1));施P和N+P处理的火力楠林地混合凋落叶P质量分数由初始的0.38 g·kg~(–1)分别增至0.86和0.74 g·kg~(–1),而马尾松林地混合凋落叶P质量分数由初始的0.38 g·kg~(–1)分别增至1.37和1.05 g·kg~(–1)。凋落叶K含量的变化无规律。【结论】火力楠和马尾松混交可促进火力楠凋落叶分解,提高混合凋落叶的分解速率。     

葡萄资源叶片抗炭疽病鉴定及抗病基因的QTL定位

【目的】炭疽病是葡萄的主要病害之一,极易造成大规模的病害流行,严重影响葡萄产量及品质,筛选抗病种质及挖掘抗病基因有利于葡萄抗病机制研究及抗病育种的开展。【方法】利用室内离体叶片接种法,对60份中国野生葡萄种质、122份欧亚种质、76份欧美杂种以及美人指×刺葡萄0940的F1代杂交群体进行炭疽病抗性鉴定与评价,并利用SNP标记构建的遗传图谱对炭疽病抗性进行QTL定位。【结果】经抗性鉴定,共筛选出1份高抗、43份抗病和75份中抗种质,分别占总鉴定种质的0.39%、16.67%和29.07%。以筛选出的抗病种质刺葡萄0940和感病种质美人指的杂交后代为分离群体进行QTL定位,在第8号连锁群上检测到一个与抗炭疽病相关的QTL位点,可解释14.7%的表型变异。根据QTL定位区间基因注释结果,筛选出15个抗病相关基因,推测它们在葡萄抗炭疽病中发挥一定作用。【结论】明确了不同葡萄种质的炭疽病抗性水平,定位到1个抗炭疽病QTL位点并筛选出15个抗病相关基因。     

Evaluation of Agronomic and Environmental Soil P Test Methods in a Network of Hungarian Long‐Term Field Trials

Abstract

Winter wheat shoot weight and phosphorus (P) concentrations, corn leaf weight and P concentrations, and soil AL, Olsen, H₂O, Bray 1, Pi (Fe-oxide impregnated paper strip) and AERM (anion exchange resin membrane) contents were determined in a network of uniform Hungarian national long‐term field trials. P application had a significant effect on soil P test values at different P levels and sites. The relationship between the different soil P test methods was studied separately for different soil groups (all, acid, and calcareous soils). Corn leaf weight was influenced by the sites much more than by soil P supply level, whereas corn leaf P percentage was influenced by both sites and P levels. For winter wheat, both sites and soil P levels had a positive effect on wheat shoot weight. Wheat shoot P percentage was influenced by the soil P supply much more than by the sites. Correlation between corn leaf P percentage and the Pi or AERM extractable P and between wheat shoot P percentage and the Pi and AERM P values was logarithmic.     

Mineral Composition and Soil-Plant Relationships for Common Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Yellow Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) Tree Parts and Fruits

The mineral compositions of the fruit and tree parts of common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum, were determined. The study occurred during three seasons at six locations in Hawaii to assess guava as feed for livestock. Guava bark contained the greatest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and ash; leaves the greatest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), and manganese (Mn); and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The leaves and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Between guava and waiwi, guava had greater concentrations of most minerals except for Na in all plant parts, and Mg and ash in the leaves. Guava leaves and shoots meet the macromineral requirements for various phases of sheep, goat, and beef cattle life cycles with the exception of P and Na. Guava shoots do not meet Mn requirements for lactating cows.     

Boron toxicity of strawberry

Abstract

Radlands Crimson strawberries were grown in a glasshouse with 7 rates of applied boron. Wood shavings mulches with different boron concentrations were also applied as separate treatments. Boron toxicity symptoms were produced in leaves by boron rates of 0.32 kg ha^‐1 and greater on a soil containing 1.6 ug B g^‐1 of hot water extractable boron. Concentrations greater than 123 μg B g^‐1 in old leaves were associated with boron toxicity symptoms.

In the B rate experiment, soil boron concentrations greater than 1.9 μg B g^‐1 soil were associated with leaf toxicity symptoms which increased in severity with increasing soil boron concentrations up to 4.1 μg B g^‐1 soil. Wood shavings mulch containing 17 μg B g^‐1 caused boron toxicity symptoms in older leaves whereas mulches containing less than 6 μg B g^‐1 did not produce toxicity symptoms.