郑州市常见公园绿化植物的滞尘能力及叶片性状分析

开展城市园林植物的滞尘研究,筛选滞尘能力强的树种对于改善城市环境具有重要意义。以郑州市10种常见的公园绿化植物为研究对象,采用滤膜过滤法测定植物叶片滞留不同粒径颗粒物（TSP、PM_>10、PM₁₀和PM_2.5）的质量,并分析叶片特征和蜡质含量对植物滞尘的影响。结果表明,不同植物叶片的滞尘能力以及滞留不同粒径颗粒物的能力均存在显著差异（P<0.05）。总体来说,滞尘能力乔木>灌木,雪松和龙柏滞留TSP和PM>10的能力最强,雪松、石楠和夹竹桃具有较强的滞留PM₁₀和PM_2.5的能力;南天竹对TSP、PM_>10、PM₁₀和PM_2.5的滞留能力均最差。叶表面形态会对滞尘能力产生影响,叶表面粗糙度较大、能分泌粘性油脂或叶脉突出的雪松、龙柏、石楠以及夹竹桃叶片滞尘能力强。叶片蜡质含量与滞尘量具有一定的相关关系,蜡质含量与PM₁₀和PM_2.5的滞尘量呈显著正相关关系,与TSP和PM_>10的相关性不显著。蜡质含量对叶片吸附细颗粒物的能力影响较大,随着蜡质含量的增加,叶片对PM₁₀和PM_2.5的滞留量增大。由此可见,叶表面形态以及叶片蜡质含量均会对植物的滞尘量产生影响,在郑州城市绿化中可以考虑雪松、龙柏和石楠等滞尘能力强的树种。     

Pelargonium flower-break and pelargonium line pattern viruses in the Netherlands; purification,antiserum preparation,serological identification,and detection in pelargonium by ELISA

Two viruses, detected frequently in the Netherlands in pelargonium, were identified by serology and test plant reactions. Antisera were prepared and an ELISA procedure was developed to detect the viruses in pelargonium.One of the viruses, PFBV-N, proved to be pelargonium flower-break virus. With the antiserum to PFBV-N, it could be detected reliably throughout the year inPelargonium zonale Springtime Irene.The other virus, PLPV-N, was serologically closely related to pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV) and to pelargonium ring pattern virus (PRPV), as were an old virus isolate from Saturnus, collected in the Netherlands in 1971 (L128), and PLPV isolates from Yugoslavia (PLPV-Y) and Denmark (PLPV-D). There were only minor differences in host-plant reactions between the virus isolates. Based on these tests, PLPV and PRPV are considered as isolates of the same virus, for which, for practical reasons, the name pelargonium line pattern virus is proposed.PLPV could be reliably detected by ELISA inP. zonale Springtime Irene and Amanda throughout the year with only a few exceptions. InPelargonium peltatum Tavira, however, reslts were erratic due to uneven distribution of virus in the plant. Best results were obtained when petioles of fully expanded leaves were tested.     

无公害可降解地膜对玉米生长及土壤环境的影响

试验研究无公害可降解地膜对玉米生长及土壤环境的影响结果表明:降解地膜在玉米生长前期具有保温、保水的显著效果,叶面积显著增大,叶片数差异不明显;液态地膜降解最快且无污染,环保作用突出,可在蔬菜等生育期短的作物上应用;生物降解膜降解较慢,具有较好的环保作用,且比露地显著增产,可在生育期较长的作物上推广应用;生物-光降解膜降解最慢,环保效果不明显,但比露地显著增产,适于玉米等生育期长的作物应用。     

番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf19的抗性特点及遗传连锁分析

番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf19的抗性范围基本涵盖了中国目前分化出的所有叶霉菌生理小种,且抗性显著;台盼蓝染色结果显示该基因介导的抗性应答中出现明显的超敏反应,强度介于Cf4和Cf9基因之间;遗传连锁分析说明该基因的遗传特性符合单基因显性遗传规律;通过进一步SSR和AFLP分子标记连锁分析,共找到6个与Cf19基因连锁的分子标记,并将该基因初步定位于番茄1号染色体短臂区域。     

干旱及复水对玉米叶片光合特性的影响

盆栽条件下,以玉米品种户单4号为材料,设正常供水(CK)、中度水分胁迫(MS)和重度水分胁迫(SS)三个水分处理,研究了拔节期和孕穗期水分胁迫及复水对玉米叶片光合、叶绿素荧光的影响,以期为玉米补偿机制的阐明提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫使叶水势(ψleaf)降低,复水后拔节期重度胁迫叶水势迅速恢复并超过对照,而孕穗期则恢复缓慢;(2)拔节期和孕穗期重度胁迫降低了叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及光化学猝灭系数(qP),但复水5d后可基本恢复至对照;Ci最低,气孔限制值(Ls)较对照分别增加了6.85%,9.52%,Fv/Fm值分别降低了1.72%和0.61%,表明气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因;(3)拔节期重度胁迫叶的水分利用效率(WUE)高于对照,表现出补偿效应;孕穗期干旱胁迫下WUE表现为:MS>CK>SS,在复水第一天达最大值,随后趋于降低。说明拔节期和孕穗期光合特性变化存在差异性。     

The estimation of duration of maternally-derived antibodies against Akabane,Aino, and Chuzan virus in calves by the receiver operating characteristic analysis

The duration of maternally-derived antibodies against three arboviruses was investigated in calves, using the results of arbovirus serosurveillance performed in Kagoshima Prefecture during 2002–2016. The duration of maternally-derived antibodies against Akabane virus (AKAV), Aino virus (AINOV), and Chuzan virus (CHUV) was estimated to be 178 (sensitivity: 0.769, specificity: 0.730), 156 (sensitivity: 0.806, specificity: 0.791), and 156 days of age (sensitivity: 0.845, specificity: 0.814), by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The duration of maternally-derived antibodies against AKAV, AINOV, and CHUV differed 7–14, 22–28, and 20–31 days in the same calf types between the regions far from each other although it was similar between the adjacent regions. The dairy calves showed 6–29 days longer duration than the beef calves rearing in a similar region.     

不同氮磷配施比对夏玉米花后光合特性和产量的影响

在黄淮海地区小麦-玉米一年两熟种植模式下,常规施氮270 kg/hm²且氮磷肥配施比为3∶1时,夏玉米叶片衰老较缓慢,花后光合能力较强,穗粒数增加,获得夏玉米高产;减量施氮33%并调整氮磷比为2∶1,可延缓夏玉米花后叶片衰老,提升花后光合能力,获得夏玉米丰产高效。综上,施用磷肥90 kg/hm²且维持氮磷配比为2∶1至3∶1,利于夏玉米高产高效。     

库尔勒香梨离体叶片再生体系的建立

【目的】建立库尔勒香梨叶片诱导再生的稳定高效再生体系。为梨的遗传转化研究奠定基础。【方法】以库尔勒香梨离体培养的继代30 d左右的无菌苗叶片为材料,1/2 MS为基本培养基,用 TDZ与 IBA或 NAA分别组合设计配方,研究不同生长调节剂质量浓度组合对不定芽诱导过程中愈伤组织形成率和不定芽形成率的影响,选取最优配方附加不同质量浓度的AgNO₃,获得不定芽再生的最佳培养基。用IBA和NAA分别组合设计生根生长调节剂的配比,根据生根率、平均生根数以及平均生根长度筛选最适宜生根的生长调节剂的配比,建立生根的培养体系。【结果】库尔勒香梨叶片诱导不定芽再生的最佳培养基为1/2 MS+TDZ 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L+AgNO₃ 0.5 mg/L,愈伤组织诱导率100%,不定芽形成率84.92%。最适宜香梨再生苗生根的培养配方为1/2 MS + 0.5 mg/L IBA + 0.9 mg/L NAA,结合前期暗培养7 d,生根率可达100%,平均生根条数为5.66,平均根长度为 2.8 cm。【结论】建立了库尔勒香梨的再生体系。     

氨基酸硒叶面肥对吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜叶片早衰生理特性的影响

[目的]研究叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥,对新疆吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜早衰生理的影响,筛选出秋季露地甜瓜早衰延缓和调控技术中氨基酸硒肥的最佳施用浓度和频次.[方法]在吐鲁番秋季露地栽培条件下,以露地甜瓜主栽品种'西州密17号'为试材,从初花期开始设置叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥处理,以清水为对照,分析不同浓度氨基酸硒肥对甜瓜叶...     

不同基因型水稻苗期叶片NRA及其受NH4+的影响

对14个基因型水稻幼苗的叶片原始硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)、经NO3^-诱导后的NRA以及添加NH4^ 后的NRA等进行测定。结果表明：在未经诱导的情况下，早稻叶片NRA高于水稻，水稻呈现杂交稻高于常规稻、籼稻高于粳稻的趋势。经NO3^-诱导后，所有供试基因型水稻叶片NRA均大幅度提高，提高幅度为早稻高于水稻、杂交稻高于常规稻、籼稻高于粳稻。NH4^ 的存在对绝大部分基因型水稻叶片NRA有抑制作用，其中以对粳稻的抑制作用最大，对杂交籼稻和早稻的抑制作用较小。