德州市6种阔叶绿化树木叶面积回归测算方法的探讨

研究对象为德州市绿化带内的垂柳、榆树、国槐、刺槐、紫荆、大叶黄杨6种绿化树种。每种选取60片大小不一、发育正常的展开的叶片,以叶长、叶宽、长×宽、面积作为指标,求出叶面积和长×宽的回归方程,各回归方程均呈极显著正相关系,为绿化树木叶面积的测定提供一个简单、可靠的方法。     

哈茨木霉诱导番茄叶片光合生理变化的研究

 采用室内对峙培养筛选与田间防效比较相结合的方法,对哈茨木霉抑制番茄叶霉病菌的机 制进行了研究。对峙培养结果显示,5 个木霉菌菌株均覆盖或侵入了病原菌菌落,其中菌株TH16 和TH54 对病菌的抑制作用较强。田间防效试验表明,木霉菌TH16 和TH54 孢子悬浮液浓度在108 个 · mL-1 时防 效最好,分别为69.4%和60.0%。接种木霉后,番茄植株的净光合速率（Pn）、胞间CO2 浓度（Ci）、气孔 导度（Gs）、CO2 光饱和同化速率（Asat）、Rubisco 最大羧化（Vcmax）、RuBP 最大再生速率（Jmax）及Rubisco、 FBPase 活性均明显增加。而接种叶霉病菌导致光合速率下降的同时伴随着Vcmax 和Jmax 的下降。预接种木 霉菌能将叶霉病菌导致的Pn、Asat、Vcmax、Jmax 抑制消除并恢复到对照水平。接种木霉能显著增加光合相 关基因的表达量,FBPase、FBPA、SBPase 和TPI 分别较对照增加了6.53 倍、3.51 倍、5.17 倍和7.81 倍。 研究结果表明木霉菌通过激活与光合相关酶活性及基因表达缓解了叶霉菌对番茄光合生理的抑制作用。     

Occurrence of a new leaf spot disease ofMusa sp. incited byThanatephorus cucumeris

A new leaf spot disease of banana(Musa sp.) cv. ‘Rasthali’ (syn. Silk) was observed in Tamil Nadu, in 1987. The causal organism was isolated in pure culture and identified asRhizoctonia solarii Kühn. The teleomorphic stage,Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk, has also been induced artificially. This is the first record of this pathogen causing leaf spot disease onMusa sp. The pathogenicity of basidiospores on several other important crops was also tested.     

黑龙江省玉米种植新区玉米品种对大斑病抗性表现及产量评估

为了明确黑龙江省第三、四积温带玉米种植新区主栽玉米品种抗大斑病特性及产量潜力,以黑龙江省讷河市为玉米新区代表,对该地区推广的16个玉米品种抗大斑病特性及产量进行了评价。结果表明:不同玉米品种对大斑病的抗性表现存在显著差异,病情指数变化范围为4.81~36.30。玉米抗大斑病表现好的品种(病指≤15)为众单1号、齐山2号、龙单39等;中等抗病表现的品种(15病指≤30)为德美亚2号和龙单29;抗性表现较差的品种(病指30)为绥玉19;不同玉米品种按产量大致可分三个等级,即高产品种为齐山2号、海玉11号和甘玉2号等;中产品种为克单14、众单1号和哈丰3号等;低产品种为德美亚2号和绥玉13。从抗大斑病和产量水平综合分析,供试的16个玉米品种中齐山2号、海玉11和甘玉2号3个品种表现最佳,德美亚2号表现最差。     

RP-HPLC法测定杜仲叶发酵液中绿原酸的含量

建立反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定杜仲叶发酵液中绿原酸的含量。色谱条柱SymmetrySheildRP18柱(3.9mm×300mm,5μm),以水-甲醇-乙酸(88∶12∶1.2,V/V)为流动相,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长326nm,柱温25℃。绿原酸对照品在2.24～11.2μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9993)。该方法简便、准确、线性范围宽,可用于含绿原酸的原料及产品的质量控制。     

Resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) in winter wheat varieties

Summary In Hungary the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is the most frequent aphid species in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Estimations of infestation by R. padi as well as measurements of grain yield and thousand-kernel mass were carried out in 26 winter wheat genotypes in conditions of naturally infested and not infested (protected) control plots. The experiment was performed in isolated conditions in two field cages covered by nets. The aphids overwintered on wheat and got into cage, extremely quickly multiplied, therefore there was no need to apply any artificial aphid infestation. Highly significant differences were demonstrated among genotypes in infestation severity of R. padi as well as in losses of grain yield and thousand-kernel mass. The most resistant variety GK Zombor had 25% infestation, and the most susceptible one GK Lili had 79.2%. The reduction of grain yield of the most tolerant genotypes (GK Korány, Downy, Mv 4, Jubilejnaja 50, Mv 8, GK Kincsö and GK Zombor) was 26–33%, and that of thousand-kernel mass was 23–30%. The most sensitive genotypes (GK Lili, GK Örzse, GK Koppány and Mv 13) suffered 58–63% losses in yield, and 40–50% in thousand-kernel mass. A close correlation was found between infestation of R. padi in different wheat genotypes and losses of grain yield (r=0.7572, P<0.001). Also there were tolerance differences among genotypes even within the same level of infestation. The reductions of thousand-kernel mass correlated very closely with the reductions of grain yield (r=0.9212, P<0.001), that makes screening possible by reductions of thousand-kernel mass. These results have found application in breeding. The leaf pubescence of the varieties studied did not generally influence the infestation by R. padi.     

干旱及复水对玉米叶片光合特性的影响

盆栽条件下,以玉米品种户单4号为材料,设正常供水(CK)、中度水分胁迫(MS)和重度水分胁迫(SS)三个水分处理,研究了拔节期和孕穗期水分胁迫及复水对玉米叶片光合、叶绿素荧光的影响,以期为玉米补偿机制的阐明提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫使叶水势(ψleaf)降低,复水后拔节期重度胁迫叶水势迅速恢复并超过对照,而孕穗期则恢复缓慢;(2)拔节期和孕穗期重度胁迫降低了叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)及光化学猝灭系数(qP),但复水5d后可基本恢复至对照;Ci最低,气孔限制值(Ls)较对照分别增加了6.85%,9.52%,Fv/Fm值分别降低了1.72%和0.61%,表明气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因;(3)拔节期重度胁迫叶的水分利用效率(WUE)高于对照,表现出补偿效应;孕穗期干旱胁迫下WUE表现为:MS>CK>SS,在复水第一天达最大值,随后趋于降低。说明拔节期和孕穗期光合特性变化存在差异性。     

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)合成途径和水稻叶片早衰

叶片是植物进行光合作用的主要场所,其衰老由内源遗传发育信号和外界环境胁迫所启动,是一个非常复杂有序的调控过程。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD)是脱氢酶的辅酶,在糖酵解、糖异生、三羧酸循环以及呼吸链等代谢中发挥着不可替代的作用。最新研究表明,水稻NAD生物合成参与调控沉默信息调控因子Sirtuins的生物活性、组蛋白H3K9去乙酰化、植物激素茉莉酸(JA)和叶片衰老。本文综述了有关水稻叶片衰老的细胞生理特征、Sirtuins酶活、NAD生物合成以及水稻早衰的OsSRT1-NAD调控途径和OsSRT1-Me OH-JA调控途径,以期阐明水稻叶片衰老的分子机理及其调控途径,为高产育种提供相应的理论参考。     

氟化物熏气对橡胶叶碳代谢的某些影响

通过熏气模拟试验,研究了HF熏气后橡胶叶淀粉和一些可溶性糖含量的变化,以及活体条件下,HF熏气对一些相应酶活性的影响。结果表明:HF熏气后橡胶叶的总可溶性糖含量下降,淀粉和果糖含量上升,蔗糖含量下降,淀粉酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶、果糖二磷酸醛缩酶活性受到抑制。      

不同龄期及不同长势核桃的养分特征

通过对核桃苗期、幼龄期、始果期的植株叶片和果实营养元素N、P、K和微量元素Fe、Zn含量的分析测试,结果表明,核桃1年生苗木叶片中N、P、K、Zn含量高于幼龄期和始果期植株;核桃各龄期在年生长过程中,叶片中的N、P、K、Fe、Zn养分含量总体呈下降趋势,但N素含量在第2次生长期7月较年生长初期低,比其它生长时期高,在年生长中N、P、K养分含量的比例存在差异,N、K素营养相对含量经历“低-高-低”的过程,N素营养相对含量表现尤其明显;核桃幼龄期、始果期植株长势的差异主要体现在同一时间叶片及果实中N含量的差异。