CO2加富及亏缺灌溉对菜豆中期与后期生长的影响

为了探明菜豆中期与后期生长对CO₂加富与亏缺灌溉的生理响应,试验设两个CO₂水平:正常大气浓度和倍增CO₂浓度,两个灌溉水平:自然灌溉12次和亏缺灌溉6次,研究CO₂加富及亏缺灌溉对菜豆生长的影响。结果表明,CO₂加富显著提高菜豆生长中期株高与干质量,净光合速率(Pn)与胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)分别显著降低15.48%、37.67%,气孔导度(Gs)显著提高95.83%,菜豆生长后期的叶绿素a/b(Chla/b)显著提高12.29%,水分利用效率(WUE)显著提高46.51%,Ci显著降低12.87%。CO₂加富显著提高亏缺灌溉下生长中期菜豆的株高与干质量,但显著降低根冠比,显著提高叶绿素含量以及Gs;CO₂加富下生长后期的核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(Rubisco)及果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶(FBPase)活性分别显著提高78.05%与88.69%,CO₂加富使亏缺灌溉下碳酸酐酶(CA)与FBPase活性分别显著提高83.73%与64.84%。综上所述,CO₂加富提高菜豆生长中期对亏缺灌溉的适应性,对生长后期影响作用减小。     

布鲁菌外膜蛋白及毒力因子研究进展

布鲁菌细胞膜的基本结构包括脂多糖和外膜蛋白,与细菌的毒力及免疫原性相关。文章描述了布鲁菌外膜蛋白分子结构的最新进展。该菌的外膜蛋白由第一组、第二组和第三组外膜蛋白构成。第一组外膜蛋白对维持布鲁菌外膜蛋白的结构起重要作用;第二组包括36 ku~38 ku外膜蛋白,为膜孔蛋白,由Omp2a和Omp2b基因编码,其中38 ku蛋白基因可能是一个与毒力相关的基因;第三组外膜蛋白包括31 ku和25 ku两个相关的蛋白,具有重要的免疫功能。31 ku蛋白属膜孔蛋白,25 ku蛋白还与毒力有关。文章也介绍了布鲁菌毒力因子研究的最新进展。     

马铃薯晚疫病防治药剂的筛选

采用7种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病的控制效果进行了试验。结果表明:27.75%猎霜(福美双-多抗霉素)WP对防治马铃薯晚疫病效果最好,在试验点的产量居第一,比对照增产46.42%,方差分析达到极显著水平;50%富帅得悬浮剂(氟啶胺)和华药方方(47%春雷.王铜)WP对晚疫病的防治也有较好的效果,比对照分别增产42.85%和37.5%。     

泡核桃良种“泽圣3号”的选育

“泽圣3号”是在云南省会泽县泡核桃实生群体中选育而成的优良品种。该品种连续丰产性能好,并具有避晚霜特性;坚果中等大,均单果重11.94g,形状为扁圆球,果基圆,果顶圆渐尖,纵径3.86cm,横径3.42cm,侧径2.97cm,果壳纹路较浅,缝合线低,结合紧密;壳厚0.74mm,核仁重6.21g,出仁率52﹪,内褶壁退化,横隔膜纸质,易取整仁,仁色黄白,仁饱满,味香,脂肪含量68.10﹪,蛋白质含量16.40﹪。在会泽地区9月上中旬果实成熟。2017年通过云南省林木品种审定委员会良种认定。     

转基因小麦Puroindoline蛋白SDS-PAGE 方法的研究与应用

小麦嘌呤吲哚蛋白(Puroindoline)是优质遗传特性硬度的生化标记,对小麦磨粉品质起决定性作用.对目前分析此类蛋白的两类Triton-X-114和Tricine-SDS-PAGE系统进行了优化和比较,建立了详细的适合半子粒分离Pin蛋白的电泳方法.采用此法检测转pinA基因的硬粒小麦P34的后代以及转基因硬粒小麦之间杂交子代的外源基因pinA的表达情况,取得了良好的效果.该方法为Puroindoline蛋白的进一步研究奠定了基础,为小麦品质生化和分子标记辅助育种提供了方法.     

编码杜果丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类蛋白抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

根据丝氨酸／苏氨酸蛋白激酶类催化结构域Ⅰ和Ⅸ的氨基酸保守序列设计简并引物,PCR扩增‘紫花芒’杧果嫩绿色叶片基因组DNA。在NCBI中用Blast X比对发现,有6个阳性克隆是抗病基因同源序列,并命名为PK1～PK6,GenBank注册序列号为AY693369-AY693371和AY776277-AY776279。在PK3、PK4和PK6中发现了丝氨酸／苏氨酸蛋白激酶的9个催化结构域Ⅰ～Ⅸ,而其它3个克隆具有部分结构域。氨基酸序列同源性分析还发现,6个克隆编码的氨基酸序列都与受体样蛋白激酶有较高的氨基酸序列同源性。系统进化树分析还表明它们都是可能的抗病基因同源序列。总之,6个克隆不仅是抗病基因同源序列而且是可能的受体样蛋白激酶基因同源序列。     

Reproductive polyphenism and its advantages in aphids: Switching between sexual and asexual reproduction

Reproductive polyphenism, which allows one genotype to produce sexual and asexual morphs, is an extreme case of phenotypic plasticity and is commonly observed in aphids. Aphids are typical species that switch these reproductive modes, and the pathway orientation is triggered by the environmental conditions(mainly photoperiod and temperature). The typical annual life of aphids includes a succession of parthenogenetic generations during the spring and summer and a single sexual generation in autumn. In this review, we describe how the environmental cues orientate the reproductive mode of aphids from photoperiodic perception to endocrine regulation, and how juvenile hormones may act on the target cells(oocytes) to initiate the gametogenesis and embryogenesis in sexual and asexual reproduction. We also discuss the paradox of sex, especially the advantages of sexual reproduction in aphids. With the recent development of genomic resources in aphids, many potential genes involved in the reproductive polyphenism will enter the public's awareness. In particular, we describe a novel RNAi method in aphids, which may provide a molecular technique for determining the developmental fate and multiple reproductive strategies.     

北疆超晚播小麦品种生育特性及产量比较

为探明北疆超晚播条件下,冬、春性小麦品种间生育特性及产量的差异,采用田间试验（10月31日播种,冬前不灌水）,比较了6个冬性和5个春性小麦品种的生育特性及产量。结果表明,春性品种出苗率明显高于冬性品种,春性品种平均生育期（91.8 d）比冬性品种(95.0 d)短约3.0 d;春性品种总茎数平均峰值（869.3×10⁴·hm^-2）明显高于冬性品种（772.4×10⁴·hm^-2）;叶面积指数和干物质积累量的平均值在春、冬性品种间差异不明显;新冬41、新春6号、新春43号的产量较高,为7 581.6~7 935.6 kg·hm^-2,获得高产的穗数为431.7×10⁴~515.8× 10⁴·hm^-2,穗粒数 31.6~36.3,千粒重46.8~52.8 g。综合考虑产量、出苗率、成熟期等因素,初步认为新春6号、新冬41号、新春43号适合在北疆超晚播。     

Identifying and Characterizing a Novel Peritrophic Matrix Protein (MdPM-17) Associated With Antibacterial Response From the Housefly,Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Peritrophic matrix/membrane (PM) critically prevents the midgut of insects from external invasion by microbes. The proteins in the peritrophic membrane are its major structural components. Additionally, they determine the formation and function of this membrane. However, the role of PM proteins in immune regulation is unclear. Herein, we isolated a novel PM protein (MdPM-17) from Musca domestica larvae. Further, the function of MdPM-17 in regulating host innate immunity was identified. Results showed that the cDNA of MdPM-17 full is 635 bp in length. Moreover, it consists of a 477-bp open reading frame encoding 158 amino acid residues. These amino acid residues are composed of two Chitin-binding type-2 domain (ChtBD2) and 19 amino acids as a signal peptide. Moreover, tissue distribution analysis indicates that MdPM-17 was enriched expressed in midgut, and moderate levels in the fat body, foregut, and malpighian tubule. Notably, MdPM-17 recombinant protein showed high chitin-binding capacity, thus belongs to the Class III PM protein group. MdPM-17 protein silencing via RNA interference resulted in the expression of antimicrobial peptide (defensin, cecropins, and diptericin) genes, and this occurred after oral inoculation with exogenous microbes Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales:Enterobacteriaceae), Staphylococcus aureus (Bacillales:Staphylococcaceae), and Candida albicans (Endomycetales:Saccharomycetaceae)). Therefore, all the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression levels are high in MdPM-17-depleted larvae during microbial infection compared to controls. Consequently, these findings indicate that MdPM-17 protein is associated with the antibacterial response from the housefly.