优质杂交晚籼稻新组合乐优97的选育及栽培制种技术

乐优97是一种典型的晚籼型三系杂交水稻良种,于2022年通过中国国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,系由合肥丰乐种业股份有限公司所属的水稻研究院通过自己创制的三系不育系409A与恢复系R977 杂交选育而成的高产、优质、抗倒杂交晚籼型新型组合。文中详细尽介绍了乐优97的选育步骤,重点介绍了乐优97的特征特性,并归纳出了乐优97优质高产栽培技术及其制种技术关键要点,希望为该产品的以后大规模推广种植打下基础。     

可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的制备及其在青脆李保鲜中的应用

以绿豆淀粉和大豆分离蛋白为制膜原料,通过考察二者复合比例对可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜性能的影响,研究可食性绿豆淀粉基复合膜的最佳复合比例,同时利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对该复合膜进行结构表征,并考察其对青脆李贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：在绿豆淀粉与大豆分离蛋白复合比例为2∶1时,绿豆淀粉基复合膜表现出良好的膜性能,此时溶解度、水蒸气透过系数、抗拉强度和断裂伸长率分别为18%、1.2×10^-5g·mm·cm^-2·h^-1·Pa^-1、35 MPa和21.4%。与绿豆淀粉膜相比,该复合膜组分间的相容性较好,且表面更平滑、均匀。在常温贮藏期间,用该复合膜涂膜的青脆李硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质指标均优于未涂膜组,可作为青脆李的保鲜膜材料。     

1株黄曲霉颉颃菌的鉴定及其抑菌活性成分分析

【目的】筛选黄曲霉颉颃菌,探究其最佳培养条件及有效抗菌成分,为实际生产中应用生物防治方法抑制黄曲霉污染提供新的理论依据。【方法】通过平板对峙法及分子生物学鉴定方法对待测菌株进行筛选鉴定。以抑菌率作为衡量标准,判断所得黄曲霉颉颃菌的最佳培养温度、培养时间、接种量、转速、pH及装液量。通过硫酸铵沉淀法从颉颃菌无菌发酵上清液中提取蛋白,观测粗提物对黄曲霉菌丝生长的影响。通过离子交换色谱和凝胶过滤色谱进一步纯化粗提蛋白,并进行质谱测序及序列对比分析,筛选鉴定颉颃菌产生的有效抑菌成分。【结果】筛选到1株解淀粉芽孢杆菌B10(菌种保藏号CCTCCNO:M2018353)。最佳培养条件为温度40℃,培养时间36 h,接种量3%,转速120 r/min, pH 6.0,装液量30 mL,最大抑菌率可达46.56%。其粗提蛋白能有效抑制黄曲霉生长,破坏菌丝正常形态,并从中筛选出几丁质结合蛋白、壳聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶等8种可能的有效抑菌成分。【结论】本试验分离鉴定出1株抑制黄曲霉正常生长发育的解淀粉芽孢杆菌B10,其产生的多种蛋白成分对黄曲霉有显著抑菌活性。     

高温胁迫下绿豆象内参基因筛选及其Hsp70基因的表达特性

为明确Hsp70蛋白在绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis高温耐受性中的作用,该研究筛选并克隆β-actin、α-tubulin、β-tubulin、EF1-α、GAPDH、Hsc70、AK和RPL40八个候选内参基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)技术测定其在绿豆象雌雄成虫体内的表达量,通过geNorm、BestKeeperr和NormFinde软件对这8个候选内参基因的表达稳定性进行评价,选择最适宜的内参基因对不同高温胁迫下绿豆象体内Hsp70基因的表达特性进行测定。结果表明,8个候选基因引物均有良好的特异性和引物扩增效率,引物扩增效率介于91.6%～108.1%之间。高温胁迫下,β-tubulin基因较其他7个候选基因有较小的平均变异度、稳定值和标准差,为最适宜的内参基因。39、42和45℃高温处理1 h后绿豆象雌雄成虫体内Hsp70表达水平较对照显著上调,当处理时间延长至3 h后,Hsp70基因的相对表达量较对照也有不同程度上调,但差异不显著,表明绿豆象Hsp70基因可以响应高温胁迫,Hsp70蛋白在绿...     

山西苹果茎痘病毒遗传多样性分析

苹果茎痘病毒是苹果安全生产的巨大威胁,严重影响苹果产量和质量。探讨苹果茎痘病毒(Apple stem pitting virus, ASPV)在山西省的分布、变异和多样性,可为制定可持续的病毒管理策略提供理论依据。从山西省11个地区采集苹果叶片样品进行RT-PCR检测。结合在线数据库,利用相关软件对文中研究获得的序列进行系统发育、遗传多样性、重组以及种群遗传分化等分析。RT-PCR检测结果显示从山西省11个地区采集的409份苹果叶片样品中,ASPV的检出率为36.33%(临漪)至55.37%(平遥)。选择15个ASPV检测为阳性的样品,分别克隆其CP基因并与22个不同的ASPV分离物进行核苷酸和氨基酸一致性分析,发现37个ASPV分离物的核酸一致率为70.27～96.31%,氨基酸一致率为37.04～96.64%,其中,Shanxi-2与JX673826.1的核酸一致率最高,为90.86%, Shanxi-2与MN617853.1的核酸一致率最低,为70.40%。基于CP的进化树分析结果显示37个ASPV分离物被划分为2个进化群体。遗传多样性分析结果表明ASPV种群发生了收缩,且在两个...     

利用绿色荧光蛋白GFP研究稻瘟病菌与水稻的互作

稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae严重威胁水稻的产量与质量,明确稻瘟病菌与水稻互作过程及机理,对防治稻瘟病具有重要意义。本研究利用稻瘟病菌常用致病菌株GUY11和ZB25,构建了绿色荧光蛋白GFP的过量表达菌株,并通过荧光显微观察菌株侵染寄主水稻过程中侵染结构的形成与发育,包括孢子萌发、附着胞形成、侵染钉形成、侵染菌丝增殖、坏死斑形成及产孢。另外,通过比较过量表达菌株对稻瘟病高抗水稻和易感水稻的侵染过程,发现侵染过程的差异主要集中于侵染钉的穿透和侵染菌丝的定殖。本研究为分析稻瘟病菌对寄主水稻的定殖规律提供了一种有效工具。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vips研究进展

苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt营养期杀虫蛋白Vips主要分为Vip1、Vip2和Vip33种。Vip1和Vip2构成二元毒素,对叶甲科昆虫具有特异杀虫活性。Vip3对鳞翅目昆虫具有广谱杀虫活性,该蛋白广泛存在于Bt中,与已知杀虫晶体蛋白ICPs没有序列相似性。Vip3通过诱发细胞凋亡,最终导致昆虫死亡,这与Btδ-内毒素的作用机理完全不同,Vips的发现对于Bt的进一步开发利用具有重要意义。本文主要对营养期杀虫蛋白Vips的分布、特性、作用机制及应用等进行报道。     

SIRT1 promotes autophagy of pancreatic cancer cells induced by hypoxia via regulating FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of SIRT1 on the autophagy of pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxia condition, and to analyze the underlying mechanism of regulating FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway. METHODS: Western blot and immunofluorescence methods were used to determine the expression of SIRT1 in the pancreatic cancer cells. The small interfering RNA targeting SIRT1 and SIRT1 over-expression plasmid were transfected into the pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells. Confocal microscopy was used to detect the LC3 expression. Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of LC3, p62 and FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway-related molecules. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detected the protein interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO1. RESULTS: The expression level of SIRT1 in the nucleus of Panc-1 cells was increased under hypoxia condition. Compared with negative control under hypoxia condition, knock-down of SIRT1 expression attenuated the autophagy flux in the pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells (P<0.05). Over-expression of SIRT1 increased the protein levels of FOXO1 and RAB7. On the contrary, knock-down of SIRT1 expression inhibited the protein levels of FOXO1 and RAB7. The protein interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO1 in the pancreatic cancer cells was observed. CONCLUSION: SIRT1 in pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells under hypoxia condition is over-expressed in the nucleus. Down-regulation of SIRT1 inhibits autophagy and its mechanism may be related to FOXO1/RAB7 signaling pathway.     

Expression of natural killer cell stimulatory receptor NKG2D and its ligand MICA in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau

AIM: To investigate the expression of natural killer cell stimulation receptor D(NKG2D) in peripheral blood and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A(MICA) on the gastric carcinoma tissue and the neighboring non-cancerous tissue in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau. METHODS: Samples of 33 patients and 20 healthy persons were collected to detect NKG2D in peripheral blood by Flow cytometry analysis. The expressions of MICA in part of the correspondent tissues were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The expression of NKG2D in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer group (13.47 ±5.26)% was significantly lower than that in healthy groups (32.62±10.08)%. The mRNA level of MICA in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in neighboring non-cancerous tissue (P<0.05). The expressions of MICA proteins showed a significant difference between the neighboring non-cancerous tissue (21.21%, 7/33) and the gastric carcinoma tissue (78.79%, 26/33), between the high differentiation (60.00%, 3/5) and the moderate (72.73%, 8/11), low differentiation (88.24%, 15/17). The expressions of MICA were not correlated with tumor size, sex, age, lymph node metastasis of the patients (P>0.05). Spearman rank correlation displayed that the expressions of MICA mRNA were positively correlated with the MICA protein level (r=0.903, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The immune escape in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau probably relates to the down-regulation of NKG2D and the up-regulation of its ligand MICA. The activity of NK cells and the anti-cancer cellular immunity level are descending in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer. The decrease in the receptor NKG2D is a reason for the activity of NK cell descending.