Modelling advection of cod eggs and larvae on the Newfoundland Shelf

We investigate interannual variations in dispersion for the drift and retention of cod eggs and larvae on the Newfoundland Shelf using a two-dimensional Lagrangian tracking model. The velocity field for the drift model is obtained from a diagnostic calculation of objectively analysed density data. Time-dependent currents are generated using an inertial-current slab model driven by observed winds. Eggs and larvae are treated as passive drifters seeded in a dispersion model of the Newfoundland Shelf region. We identify favourable and unfavourable zones of retention on the Newfoundland Shelf. We show that northerly, shelf-break spawning locations are more favourable than southerly shelf-break spawning locations for northern cod, ( Gudus morhua , in NAFO divisions 2J3KL).     

Dispersal of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf: results of a coupled vertical larval behavior – 3D circulation model

In the marine environment, pelagic dispersal is important for determining the distribution and abundance of populations, as well as providing connections among populations. Estimates of larval dispersal from spawning grounds are important to determining temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment that may have significant influences on the dynamics of the population. We present a case study of the dispersal of Centropristis striata (black sea bass) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf. We use a coupled larval behavior – 3D circulation model to compare the effects of the timing and location of spawning against that of larval vertical migration on larval dispersal. Using the results of field data on larval vertical distributions, we compare the dispersal of virtual 'larvae' which have ontogenetic changes in vertical behavior with that of particles fixed near the surface and near the bottom. Larvae were released at potential spawning sites four times throughout the spawning season (February through May) for 3 yr (2002–04) and tracked for the assumed larval duration (from 27 to 37 days including the egg stage). Results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval vertical behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner- and mid- continental shelves of this region.     

莲草直胸跳甲成虫产卵选择性及叶位与幼虫发育适合度的关系

采用室内自由选择法和发育测定法研究莲草直胸跳甲(Agasicles hygrophila)成虫对喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)叶位的产卵选择性及后代发育与不同叶位叶片的适合度.结果表明:(1)莲草直胸跳甲成虫嗜好在中部叶片的叶背产卵,以在第2对叶上的选择系数最高,选择率为35.18%,与第1对叶上的28.03%差异不显著,但显著高于对其他叶位的选择系数;(2)相对于在叶表进行取食,初孵幼虫显著趋向在叶背,且这样取食的1龄幼虫存活率高、发育历期显著缩短,这与雌虫选择在叶背产卵的习性相符,说明其选择有一定生物学意义,即有利于后代发育;(3)叶龄对莲草直胸跳甲各龄幼虫发育有显著影响,叶位越低,各龄幼虫的发育历期越长,但存活率上以取食第1叶位的为最高.     

木麻黄根瘤内生菌生物学特性研究

对与福建、广州的细枝木麻黄、短枝木麻黄和粗枝木麻黄共生的 1 7株根瘤内生菌进行了形态培养、生理类群、营养源利用、代谢酶、宿主特异性等生物学特性进行了系统研究。结果表明 ,1 7株木麻黄根瘤内生菌具有分枝状菌丝、孢囊、泡囊等Frankia菌的特征性结构 ,FCc64、FCc92、FCe3 3等菌株还具有串珠状菌丝段。木麻黄内生菌有A、B、AB等 3种生理类群 ,其中B群内生菌多。菌株离体培养具有固氮酶活性 ,且差异显著。多数木麻黄内生菌能良好利用吐温 ,只有少数菌株可利用葡萄糖等糖类物质。内生菌不同生理类群在碳氮源利用、有机酸羧化和代谢酶产生等方面没有明显的对应关系 ,表现出丰富的多样性。侵染试验表明木麻黄Frankia菌株不仅可在木麻黄属内种间进行交叉侵染 ,还能侵染杨梅、沙枣和桤木等植物结瘤。     

The Role of Mangroves in Retaining Penaeid Prawn Larvae in Klang Strait,Malaysia

The mangrove-fringed Klang Strait, Malaysia, retains approximately 65 billion penaeid prawn larvae annually prior to their settlement in coastal nursery grounds. This phenomenon appears to be due principally to tidal currents and lateral trapping in mangrove-fringed channels, the wind playing an insignificant role.     

日本乙型脑炎病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研制及初步应用

采用日本乙型脑炎病毒单克隆抗体预包被酶标板,将纯化的日本乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)作为检测用抗原,利用包被捕获法建立了用于检测猪乙型脑炎抗体的间接ELISA法。采用建立的ELISA法对50份已知阴性血清样本检测,临界OD450nm值为0.343,ELISA与IFA对200份血清进行平行检测,总符合率为92.9%,与商品化的同类国产试剂盒的符合率为95%。与其他常见的猪病毒阳性血清抗体无交叉反应,2~8℃保存12个月稳定。研制的ELISA抗体检测试剂盒为临床JEV血清抗体检测及其疫苗的免疫效果评价提供了技术手段。     

Eulerian views of layered water currents, vertical distribution of some larval fishes, and inferred advective transport over the continental shelf off North Carolina, USA, in winter

Currents that effect the shoreward transport of the larvae of estuarine-dependent fishes spawned in winter in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA, were driven by winds and pressure gradients, and influenced by the Gulf Stream. Aside from storms, winds over the continental shelf in Onslow Bay blew predominantly alongshore with velocities approaching 14 m s^-1 during February and March 1986, and January and February 1989. Water masses and currents observed at two current-meter moorings, one at mid-shelf and the other on the outer shelf, reflected the onshore (or offshore) advection of interior water in compensation for the offshore (or onshore) advection of wind-driven surface water. Winds and currents reversed direction approximately every 4 to 6 days. The larvae of Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus , spot, Leiostomus xan- thurus, and Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus , were most abundant in 17–19^oC and 20–21^oC water of the outer shelf and Gulf Stream fronts. There was little indication of diel vertical migration; larval Atlantic menhaden were most abundant in mid- and surface water, while spot and Atlantic croaker were most abundant in mid- and deep water. Given this distribution, the inferred advective transport of larvae was at times onshore, but at other times it was offshore. Within a spawning season, the prevalence of either reciprocation could determine the number of larvae that reach coastal inlets.     

The life cycle of Henneguya nuesslini Schuberg & Schroder, 1905 (Myxozoa) involves a triactinomyxon-type actinospore

The life cycle of the histozoic myxozoan parasite Henneguya nuesslini was investigated in two salmonid host species. Naive brown trout, Salmo trutta, and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, were experimentally infected in two trials by triactinomyxon type actinospores from naturally infected Tubifex tubifex. In exposed common carp, Cyprinus carpio, no myxospore production was detected. The parasite formed cysts with mature myxospores in the connective tissue of the fish 102 days post-exposure. The morphology of both actinosporean and myxosporean stages was described by light microscopy and a 1417-bp fragment of the 18S rDNA gene was sequenced. Sequence analysis confirmed the absolute congruence of the two developmental stages and assisted in determining species identity. Host range, tissue specificity and myxospore measurements provided sufficiently distinctive features to confirm species validity and were thus crucial for identification. The triactinomyxon spores had 16 secondary germ cells, unique dimensions, a very opaque sporoplasm matrix and three conspicuously protruding, pyriform polar capsules. This is the first record of a Henneguya sp. life cycle with a triactinomyxon-type actinospore, which suggests a close relationship with the Myxobolus group and a polyphyletic origin of the genus Henneguya.     

Using patch studies to link mesoscale patterns of feeding and growth in larval fish to environmental variability

We present results from a series of three patch studies designed to examine links between environmental variability and mesoscale patterns of feeding and growth of larval radiated shanny ( Ulvaria subbifurcata ). We examine the effects of variability in temperature, turbulence and prey concentration on both the mean (i.e. population level) and the variance (i.e. individual level) of larval feeding and growth rates among the three bays. Although both gut fullness and growth rates differ significantly between bays, our results show only weak environmental influences. When larvae are pooled across bays (i.e. treated as independent observations), environmental factors generally explain <4% of the variability in gut fullness. When treated as daily mean residuals, however, temperature accounts for 41% of the variability in mean gut fullness, while both temperature and prey concentration also explain significant portions of the variance in gut fullness (38 and 43%, respectively). Between-bay differences in larval growth rates are consistent with patterns of temperature variation but not with patterns of prey availability. Studies relying on tracking a single patch of larvae typically suffer from having too few observations to detect significant relationships between feeding or growth and environmental variables. By following three patches we collected a larger number of observations. However, as we encountered only a limited range of environmental conditions it remains difficult to adequately assess the role of environmental factors. In part, this problem stems from the inability of fisheries oceanographers to track the recent environmental history of individual larvae on the same fine scales currently employed to collect biological data (e.g. guts and otoliths) on individuals.