黑琥珀李株和冠幅与土壤养分相关的研究

应用逐步回归和通径分析，对土壤养分与黑琥珀李株产和冠幅增长的相关关系进行了研究，结果表明，土壤的机质，水解氮，速效磷和速效钾4个养分因子对黑琥珀李株产和冠幅的增长都有着显著和极显著的相关关系，其中以速效磷对产量和冠幅的增长作用最为显著，并且4种土壤养分因子之间存在着相互关联，互为作用的关系，因此，旋肥时应各种营养元素综合考虑，不能偏施。     

Extractives relating to heartwood color changes in sugi (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis>) by a combination of smoke-heating and UV radiation exposure

 Sugi green logs with red or black heartwood were smoke-heated, and the changes in the color of the heartwood after ultraviolet (UV) (λ = 365 nm) radiation exposure were then observed. After UV radiation exposure, the redness and yellowness increased in both the red and black heartwoods, whereas the brightness decreased. In the black heartwood, the resulting color turned from yellowish white to reddish brown. Reddening in black heartwood after exposure to a combination of smoke heating and UV radiation is thought to be due to a decrease in brightness and an increase in both redness and yellowness. However, the degree of change in heartwood color by UV radiation exposure was not greatly affected by smoke-heating treatments of various lengths. When methanol extracts were fractionated and exposed to UV radiation, the yellowness increased in the n-hexane-soluble portion and the redness increased in the acetone-soluble fractions from the n-hexane-insoluble portion. These results suggest that the n-hexane-soluble fraction contains the substances that allow heartwood color to change to yellow after UV radiation exposure, and the acetone-soluble-fraction from the n-hexane-insoluble portion contains the substances that allow it to change to red. Received: November 14, 2001 / Accepted: June 3, 2002 Acknowledgment This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This study was presented in part at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001 Correspondence to:N. Yoshizawa     

Quality and decomposition of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mulch for temperate alley cropping systems

Black locust and alfalfa mulch quality were characterized over a 9-week period of decomposition. Both mulch materials were harvested with a forage harvester. The black locust material was harvested from trees annually coppiced for four years, the alfalfa from a preflorescent second cutting. Two identical, adjacent experiments were conducted, one on each mulch source. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications for this single factor experiment. Fifty grams fresh weight of both mulch types were placed in litter bags, made of 98% shade cloth, a woven plastic with holes approximately 1×0.5 mm. The treatments included two placements of the mulch material, surface and buried. Sampling took place on weeks 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9.The incorporation of mulch materials appears to accelerate dry weight loss. From an initial dry weight of 44.25 g, the buried black locust mulch averaged 4.58 g, while the surface mulch averaged 7.41 g by week 6. The alfalfa mulch initially weighed 40.99g, with buried mulch averaging 1.75 g and surface mulch averaging 4.08 g by week 9.Carbon concentration of alfalfa mulch increased with time in both mulch placements from 43.6% to 57.6% and 51.8% in surface and buried mulch, respectively. Black locust, with an initial carbon concentration of 46.9% increased to 55.9% for the buried mulch and to 53.89% in surface mulch. Nitrogen concentrations increased as well in buried mulch. Lignin concentrations increased dramatically over time for both species of mulch. Black locust lignin concentrations rose from 13.11% to 51.0% (buried) and 32.9% (surface); alfalfa mulch lignin concentrations rose from 6.67% to 31.4% (buried) and 47.7% (surface).     

窄冠黑杨窄冠黑白杨的选育(I)田间试验及结果分析

通过杂交育种，苗期选择，无性系测定，选出了6个窄冠黑杨，1个窄冠黑白杨无性系。前者生长量接近对照I-69/55和中林46，冠幅比对照小1/2—1/3，耐盐碱能力较强，容易扦插繁殖，造林成活率高。后者生长量与窄冠白杨3号相当，冠幅比窄冠白杨3号更窄，繁殖方式同一般毛白杨。两类品种均为适合于农田林网及农林间作的杨树新品种。     

Genetic improvement in pine wilt disease resistance inPinus thunbergii: The effectiveness of pre-screening with an artificial inoculation at the nursery

Open pollinated progenies from 15 clones of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), that had been selected for their tolerance to pine wilt disease, were tested by artificial inoculation with pine wood nematode for six years at a nursery of Kyushu Regional Breeding Office. Family variations in the respective year were all significant. An analysis of variance across the six years’ tests confirmed highly significant effect of year and of families; however, the year by family interaction was significant also. Phenotypic and genetic variances estimated from each year’s result were fitted to a quadratic regression using their mean survival ratio as an independent variable. The variances were greatest at around 0.5 of the mean survival ratio. Estimated heritability showed a similar trend of change, whereas the peak of the expected amount of improvement shifted toward the lower survival range: around 0.4, where a greater selection differential was anticipated. It was concluded that a useful amount of genetic improvement that may be reduced by 30% due to the interaction, would be expected by prescreening seedlings where the mean survival ratio after inoculation was around 0.25 to 0.6.     

Frost hardiness, bud phenology and growth of containerized Picea mariana seedlings grown at three nitrogen levels and three temperature regimes

We studied the influence of temperature and near- and sub- optimal mineral nutrition of black spruce seedlings (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) during their second growing period on bud set, bud development, growth, mineral content and cold tolerance. Bud break and growth after bud break were also studied. Seedlings were grown for 106 d in growth chambers under three temperature regimes in combination with three concentrations of a fertilizer. They were then cold hardened for 56 d and dehardened for 66 d.Under these near- and sub-optimal N levels, bud formation occurred during the growing season. Bud formation was accelerated with decreasing fertilization, but was not affected by temperature treatments. Needles from seedlings with 0.64% N (dry mass basis) before hardening did not harden. Those with 0.87% N showed a lesser degree of hardiness than those with 1.28% N. Stem diameter increased at the beginning of the hardening period. During this acclimation period, shoot dry mass decreased with time at a constant rate and at the same rate over time for all treatments whereas root dry mass was more variable. Total number of needle primordia was low and no difference was observed among growing conditions. Bud break was similar in all treatments. Following bud break, shoot height and stem diameter increases were small but their magnitude varied with the nutritional regimes applied during the previous growing period. During hardening, nitrogen concentration of shoot tissues first increased and then decreased; phosphorus concentration first increased and then remained stable; potassium concentration remained stable. Concentration of these three elements generally decreased in the roots during this hardening.     

黑杨派杨树组培再生系统的研究

建立高效杨树组培再生系统，为杨树良种选育、遗传转化等研究，提供材料和基础手段。采用1／2MS基本培养基，通过不同外植体获得无菌苗，经培养基配方筛选，获得继代和生根苗，再选取组培苗的不同部位为材料，分别诱导形成再生植株，优化成高效的黑杨派杨树组培再生系统。     

冬枣黑斑病防治技术的研究

通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验,筛选出了50％扑海因、70％代森锰锌等防治冬枣黑斑病的有效化学药剂,800倍液防治效果达85％以上;筛选出了生防菌T13菌株并研制了生防菌T13制刑和混配制剂,T13制剂800倍液对黑斑病的防效达70％以上,混配制剂800倍防效达90％以上。     

纤维素废料与造纸黑液木质素制人造木材之探讨

介绍了现有人造木材的种类，阐述了用竹刨花、竹（木）屑等竹（木）加工剩余物或农作物秸秆与造纸黑液中提取的木质素开发人造木材的重大意义，简要介绍了该人造木材的制造原理和方法以及产品的用途，并分析了人造木材的市场前景及其产业化的可行性。     

Comparison of the modified Weibull and Richards growth function for developing site index equations

A site index model based on the Weibull cumulative distribution function was fitted to three stem analysis data sets of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) BSP), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The resulting equations were compared with those based on the modified Richards' (1959) biological growth function (Ek 1971; Payandeh 1977, 1978). The Weibull-type model performed as well as or better than the biological growth function for white spruce and aspen, respectively, but it performed less accurately in the case of black spruce. The Weibull-type model appears to behave better, i.e., it produces more realistic height growth patterns, than the Richards function upon extrapolation particularly at young ages.