不揭膜谷物冷却降温试验

运用谷物冷却技术，是确保粮食低温储藏的有效方法。我库在夏季采取不揭膜的方式，对高大平房仓内的粮食进行复冷降温和经济运行试验，效果显著，为粮食低温储藏和安全度夏提供了有力保证。     

宁南山区林果产业发展现状 存在问题及对策

针对宁南山区林果产业发展现状,分析了当前存在的问题。提出通过转变观念、新品种引进、示范区带动、产业带建设和水资源结合、规范技术管理、提供中介服务、提高果品深加工处理水平、制定优惠政策等措施,进一步促进宁南山区林果产业有序健康发展。     

A high temperature/low oxygen pulse improves cold storage disinfestation

Short periods of elevated temperature under controlled atmospheres (CA) effectively control insect pests. Cold treatment is also an effective non-chemical disinfestation process. If synergistic effects can be found by combining treatments, these may provide opportunities for cost reduction. Tests were performed to evaluate the tolerance of Packham's Triumph pears (Pyrus communis L.) to a range of temperatures (30–40 °C) combined with low oxygen (O₂ < 1 kPa). Treatment duration was 16–48 h and was followed by 1 month storage at 0 °C under air. When held at 30 °C, pears withstood up to 30 h of hypoxia. After cold storage, pears ripened slightly faster than controls but were undamaged. A temperature of 35 °C induced slight skin browning, and 40 °C resulted in substantial skin blackening. Some treatments were also tested on survival of lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), Epiphyas postvittana (Walker). All developmental stages were subjected to either 16 h at 30 °C, or 16 h under hypoxia, or 1 month at 0 °C, or a combination of the three treatments. With all treatments combined, all eggs, larvae and adults were killed. Only 4% of the pupae produced adults and combined treatments led to an increase in pupa mortality of 38%. A combined treatment (tolerated by pears) consisting of 30 h at 30 °C under low O₂ plus 1 month cold storage under air, killed 100% of LBAM pupae, and 100% of 5th instar larvae of both codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck). Implementation of such treatments would not require substantial investments for fruit industries equipped with CA storage facilities.     

Seed Size Variation and its Effects on Germination and Seedling Vigour in Rice

The extent of seed size variations within a rice variety and its effect on germination and seedling vigour were investigated. Seed size was determined by weighing individual grains of randomly selected one hundred panicles. Grains were sorted into four size classes: 11–15, 16–20, 21–25 and 25–30 mg. There was nearly a three-fold variation between the smallest and the largest seeds, which ranged from 11 to 30 mg. Germination rate and seedling vigour index values increased with the increase of seed size suggesting the selection of larger seeds for good stand establishment.     

Selection in segregating generations of autogamous species. I. Selection response for combined selection

Summary The response to selection is determined by the genetic and nongenetic variance, the selection intensity, and the size of the experiments. If, in pure line breeding, selection starts in segregating generations, the gain depends on the relation of additive to epistatic variance. The gain can be increased if an index is constructed using the information from relatives. From animal breeding this kind of selection is known as combined selection. In this paper the optimal number of families and subfamilies is determined that will maximise the selection response by combined selection for a fixed total size of experiments. The composition of the genetic variance has a imited influence on the optimal size of the progenies. If epistatic variance is important, then the number of F₂ families has to be reduced and the number of F₃ families and F₄ families must be increased. The same is true if the nongenetic variance is increased.     

Utilization of genetic resources for the introduction and adaptation of exotic vegetable crops: The case of pepino (Solanum muricatum)

Summary Pepino (Solanum muricatum), a vegetatively propagated plant from the Andean region used for its edible fruits, has been identified as a potential crop for greenhouse cultivation in Mediterranean regions. However, attempts for introducing it have been unsuccessful, either because of the low yield, poor fruit quality, or both. Screening of germplasm under Mediterranean conditions showed that sources of variation for high yield existed in the cultivated genepool and that wild species S. caripense and S. tabanoense could contribute to a considerable improvement of soluble solids content (SSC) of pepino. Progenies obtained after crossing genetically distant (AFLP-based) parental clones were heterotic for yield, and allowed the selection of clones with an improved combination of yield and SSC. As a result of this intraspecific programme, two new improved cultivars (‘Turia’ and ‘Valencia’), which outperform the rest of cultivars available, have been selected for cultivation in Mediterranean conditions. The interspecific programme involved the selection of clones with high yield and SSC in backcross generations. The results show that introgression of genes from the wild species can contribute to improve the SSC of pepino. The backcross programme is in an advanced stage and new cultivars derived from the interspecific crosses are expected to be released in a near future. New prospects for the future in pepino breeding include the genetic transformation, the establishment of a genetic map, and the use of the genomic information from related Solanaceae important crops. All the information obtained is illustrative for the breeding for adaptation of vegetatively propagated crops.     

1-MCP处理对桃冷藏期间品质和生理特性的影响

秦王”桃采收后分别用不同浓度1-MCP处理,然后置于(0±1)℃冷库中贮藏。结果表明:1-MCP处理对贮藏期果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量无显著影响。经处理的果实在贮后20天果皮细胞膜透性开始异常增加。10nL/L和30nL/L1-MCP处理的果实比对照提前5天出现了呼吸高峰和乙烯释放高峰;500nL/L的处理抑制了果实的呼吸作用,与对照相比大幅度降低了乙烯峰值,在相同贮藏时间多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性也显著降低(p<0.05),表明500nL/L的1-MCP处理能有效地抑制果肉褐变,延长果实贮藏时间。     

Experimental Research on the Evolution of Hysteresis Curve of Rock in Different Axial Stress Levels

对天然杀菌剂茉莉酮酸酯、芥子油苷、蜂胶、醋酸瓜类萎蔫醇、壳聚糖、香精油剂等控制果蔬采后腐烂的方法与作用机制进行调研,研究结果表明,天然杀菌剂具有较好的抗菌作用.     

番茄果实成熟关键调控因子MADS-RIN的研究进展

果实的成熟过程涉及一系列的生理生化变化,如色素的积累,果实的软化、香气和风味物质的形成等。这一过程在分子层面上受到多基因形成的复杂网络的调控,由许多转录因子单独或协同调控实现。为了清晰表述LeMADS-RIN的研究进展,首先对MADS-RIN做了简要介绍,然后论证了LeMADS-RIN是番茄果实成熟过程中关键调控因子,再对LeMADS-RIN影响果实成熟过程的许多生理生化过程和代谢途径进行了详细的归纳分析,如乙烯的生物合成、糖代谢、脂类代谢、色素形成、细胞壁代谢等。之后对LeMADS-RIN的调控模式的相关研究做了系统的回顾总结,随着RIN调控因子以及调控模式研究的深入,依赖于RIN调控而影响果实成熟的网络得到了进一步完善。笔者通过约60篇文献论证了果实成熟关键调控因子LeMADS-RIN对果实成熟调控的重要意义及相关的研究进展,最后对其研究前景提出了展望。     

黄桃果酒规模化生产工艺技术研究

以400 kg优质黄桃鲜果为原料,分别采用去核去皮酶解清汁发酵、去核带皮酶解清汁发酵处理方法酿制果酒,研究黄桃果酒规模化生产工艺技术。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:黄桃去核带皮酶解、清汁发酵,果胶酶添加量0.04%,焦亚硫酸钾添加量0.007%,PVPP添加量0.06%,所制得的原酒呈澄清透明的淡黄色,具有黄桃浓郁的果香和色泽,酒体协调丰满,口感醇厚,柔顺爽口。