稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯的效果及技术

宜昌市于2007秋在枝江市示范种植稻田免耕稻草全程覆盖秋马铃薯36.67 hm2举办核心示范样板3.33 hm2.平均每公顷产鲜薯19695 kg、纯收入19997.4元,整个示范区平均每公顷纯收入15000元以上,其主要栽培要点是备好种薯、适时播种、施足底肥、保证密度、盖好稻草、精心田管、搞好化调.     

红树林秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤混交生长效果研究

在海滩涂上栽培秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤,经过11a的经营管理,对红树林秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤林木的生长量进行调查分析。结果表明：红树林秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤混交林的林木生长,均比秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤纯林的林木生长效果好。混交林生长的林木树高、胸径、枝下高、树冠,分别比纯林林木生长的树木高大7．69％、7．5％、11．1l％,胸径粗2．17％、11．41％、6．67％,枝下高大2．01％、10．95％、8．57％,冠幅大5．00％、10．53％、13．50％。红树林秋茄、桐花树、白骨壤林木在浅潮位生长,比中潮位林木生长效果好,支柱根大、板状根系发达,吸收海水污染物强,能将盐类物质通过叶片光合作用排到植物体外,可去氮和磷等污染物,净化海边环境,防浪护堤,防止海岸侵蚀,起到保护生态环境作用。     

Effect of increasing levels of nitrogen on yield of tea in different agro-ecological conditions of Pakistan

Field experiment was conducted on mature tea bushes of Qi-Men variety at two different altitudes from sea level i.e. at National Tea Research Institute Shinkiari （1000 m） and on farmer＇s field in Konsh valley at village Battal （1500 m）. Different levels of nitrogen with constant dose of phosphorus and potassium were applied to observe the optimal dose of nutrients for highest yield under local edaphic conditions. The experiment was repeated for three consecutive years. The highest yield of fresh tea leaves were obtained by the application of 420 kg ha^-1 N followed by the application of 360 kg ha^-1 N at 1000 masl. The highest dose of nitrogen also reduced significantly the soil pH in the upper （0-15cm） layer depth during 1998 and 1999. During the year 2000, the reduction in soil pH was observed by the application of highest dose of nitrogen but was non-significant at 5% level. The lower soil depth （15-30 cm） showed the reduction in pH with the highest dose of nitrogen during the experimental year but was statistically non significant. At the higher altitude of 1500 masl the highest yield of fresh tea leaves was obtained by the application of 420 kg ha^-1 during the experimental years but the increase was significant during the year 1999 and 2000. The yield of the fresh tea leaves was positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen application at both the altitudes. The increasing amount of nitrogen decreased the soil pH at both the depths of 0-15cm and 15-30cm. Unlike the lower altitude （1000 m） there was no any significant reduction in the soil pH during 1998 and 1999. A significant reduction in soil pH was found in the year 2000.     

Effect of silicon on alleviation of manganese toxicity in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch cv. Shintosa)

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the mechanism of Siinduced alleviation of Mn toxicity in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch cv. Shintosa) which has been used as a bloom-type stock for grafting cultivation of cucumbers. In the first experiment, the effect of Si on Mn toxicity in the Shintosa cultivar was compared with that in the Super unryu cultivar which is used as a bloomless-type stock. Without Si supply, growth depression occurred in both cultivars at the levels of 100 and 500 µM Mn in the nutrient solution. The alleviative effect of Si on the growth depression was observed more distinctly for the Shintosa cultivar than for the Super unryu cultivar, and the effect became more pronounced with increasing Si levels in the nutrient solution. Regardless of the Mn levels, addition of Si did not decrease the Mn content of the plants. The relative shoot growth was reduced to less than 80% when the molar ratio of Si/Mn in the shoots was lower than 4.5. In the second experiment, Mn and Si in the lower leaves of the Shintosa cultivar treated with different levels of Mn with and without Si supply were extracted with 10 mM Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7.4). At the levels of 100 and 250 µM Mn, the amounts of Mn in the buffer-insoluble fraction increased in the presence of Si supply and the buffer-soluble Mn accounted for less than 9% of the total Mn in the leaf. In addition, more than 84% of the total Si was found in the buffer-insoluble fraction at each Mn level. Distribution of Mn and Si on the surface of the lowerú leaves of the Shintosa cultivar treated with 250 µM Mn with and without Si supply was examined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis in the third experiment; Both Mn and Si accumulated at high concentrations around the base of the trichomes in the presence of Si supply. Without Si supply, Mn was detected around the necrotic brown lesions in addition to the base of the trichomes. These results suggested that in the Shintosa cultivar, Si alleviated the Mn toxicity through a localized accumulation of Mn with Si in a metabolically inactive form around the base of the trichomes on the leaf surface.     

Agronomic Potential of Three Vetches (Vicia spp.) Under Rainfed Conditions

The major limiting factor to livestock production in West Asia and North Africa is the inadequate feed supply. The introduction of leguminous forage species into fallow lands represents a means of increasing feed supplies for the rapidly growing livestock population.
Twenty five lines each of common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) wooly-pod vetch ( Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa Ten.), and bitter vetch ( Vicia ervilia L.) were tested over three seasons with contrasting rainfalls and winter temperatures. For each species, seedling vigour, winter growth, cold effect, spring growth, leafiness, herbage yield at 100 % flowering, grain yield, harvest index and aspects of herbage quality were recorded. There were considerable variation among entries with the same species, entries of V. ervilia were the earlier in flowering and maturity, and V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa almost the latest by 45 days. V. sativa , was the most affected by frost whilst both V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa and V. ervilia proved to be cold tolerant.
Although V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa produced high herbage yield in springs its grain yield is low resulting in a low harvest index. Both V. ervilia and V. sativa produced high grain yield with high harvest index. Seed yield was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with days to flowering and maturity indicating the need of earlier types.
Quality of the herbage in term of digestibility was far lower (46 % IVDMD) in V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa than the other two species (69 % and 72 %).
The possible niches and utilization of each species as animal feed in the prevailing farming systems are discussed.     

噻苯隆+金满田对露地辣椒的应用效果

以\"线香辣102\"辣椒为试材,研究了不同浓度噻苯隆和金满田配合使用对露地辣椒产量及抗病性的影响。结果表明:不同配比浓度的噻苯隆、金满田对辣椒的产量、果实长度、果实直径、果实内壁、平均单果重、平均单株产量、辣椒疫病病情指数、防治效果均有较大影响,最大增产可达100.20%,最大防治效果可达54.84%,经方差分析,最高产量喷施浓度分别为1.5mg/kg噻苯隆+0.200%金满田。     

3个产地板蓝根多糖作用的比较研究

通过小鼠吞噬试验、脾淋巴细胞增殖试验和最低抑菌与最低杀菌浓度的检测,对不同产地板蓝根多糖功能进行比较研究。结果表明,3个产地板蓝根多糖均使小鼠吞噬能力增强,并协同促进淋巴细胞增殖,具有一定的杀菌和抑菌效果。     

双孢菇不同碳氮比培养料配方的应用试验

为探索不同碳氮比（C/N）培养料配方对双孢菇产量的影响,在全州县绍水镇塘口村委乐家园村进行双孢菇不同碳氮比（C/N）培养料配方应用效果试验。结果表明：培养基料中C/N=25.4/1h,双孢菇产量最高,效益最好。