人性化的居住区景观设计

提出了居住区景观设计应对居民的综合需求进行深入理性思考,并从自然与和谐、文化与美感、健康与交流3个方面对人性化的居住区景观设计进行了探讨。     

某生态园区建设——药用植物区规划

本文简要介绍了东北地区药用植物种类、资源的分布及某生态园区的简要地理概况。使用应用生态学、民族药物学、药用植物分类、植物栽培学及园林规划设计的知识和方法从设计风格、设计思想、种植分区及植物配置设计等几个方面详细介绍了该生态园区药用植物区的规划。     

北京明长城森林景观空间结构的分形特征及稳定性

为了从整体上了解北京明长城沿线森林景观空间结构的分形特征及稳定性状况,基于分形理论,以北京市长 城普查数据和近期森林资源调查数据为主要数据源,以北京境内明长城两侧3 000 m 范围内的森林景观为研究对 象,在对研究区各景观类型的周长和面积统计的基础上,又对各景观要素类型斑块形状指数及周长-面积的标度和 频度关系进行了定量分析,并结合分维数以及稳定性指数对各景观要素类型的分形特征和稳定性进行研究分析。 结果表明,研究区内各景观要素类型斑块形状指数以及周长-面积的标度和频度关系是客观存在的。周长和面积 统计表明,研究区以有林地和灌木林地为主,二者面积比重之和达83.38%,而疏林地和无立木林地景观面积比重 较少,分别为0.76%和0.36%。平均斑块形状指数、分维数以及稳定性指数分析表明,农地和其他用地景观的斑块 形状最为不规则,复杂程度最高,空间占据程度最大,稳定性最低,而疏林地斑块形状最规则,稳定性最高。其中, 农地景观稳定性指数为-0.086 7,表现为在其复杂形态下的一种稳定性。从整体上看,研究区自然景观斑块形状 较人文景观更为规则,稳定性更高。地形地貌和人为干扰是影响景观斑块形状和稳定性的主要因子。      

园林植物蚧虫及其天敌调查

调查结果表明为害园林植物的蚧虫隶属4科19属35种。发生普遍而严重的是咖啡盔蚧、龟蜡蚧、酱褐圆蚧、考氏白盾蚧、米兰白轮盾蚧和云南白轮盾蚧等。寄生性天敌以膜翅目蚜小蜂和跳小蜂为主;捕食性天敌主要有瓢虫、日本方头甲等。利用天敌昆虫防治园林植物蚧虫具有十分重要的意义。     

滦河承德市双滦区段景观总体规划

针对滦河双滦区段河道现状情况,根据《承德市双滦区控制性详细规划》及"大避暑山庄"旅游规划要求,从景观分区、道路、建筑及绿化等方面,对滦河双滦区段滨水景观进行了全面规划,旨在开发双滦区的旅游资源,推动经济的发展,为城市居民提供一个良好的休闲、娱乐的活动空间.     

解构城市园林绿化中的乡土景观

通过对乡土景观的研究、探析,并结合环境学、管理学等内容,解决城市绿化过程中的乡土景观配置问题并得出常规性的规律,为中小型城市的城市绿化规划提供借鉴与指导。     

基于文化视角的城市带状绿地景观设计探索——以环县环江旅游风情线为例

文化构筑景观,景观传达文化,景观设计是将文化从抽象转化为具象的过程。景观设计师、景观感知者与场所三者本身特定的文化背景在景观设计过程中影响了景观内容,从而形成特有的景观特征。针对当今带状绿地景观设计的创新要求,从文化的角度提出了景观设计策略。以环县环江旅游风情线为例,详细分析了环县自然资源文化、经济文化、地域文化等多种文化对带状绿地景观构建的影响,具体阐述了基于环县多元文化的带状绿地景观设计策略。为恶劣环境下带状绿地景观设计的实践创新提供一定的理论指导。     

西藏高寒地区带状景观空间艺术特征营造及实践——以昌都市达玛拉滨江公园设计为例

西藏地区整体海拔较高,高寒山地、峡谷地貌较多,带状景观空间特征明显。以西藏昌都市达玛拉滨江公园在建市政项目为研究对象,对设计方案进行系统剖析,结合项目实际地貌、气候、文化等因素,分析其功能区,人口展示区、商业休闲区、休闲漫步区景观设计,植物分区设计以及配套设施设计等手法,以展示高原景观营造独特地域性特征的方法。     

Projecting impacts of human disturbances to inform conservation planning and management in a dryland forest landscape

Systematic approaches to conservation planning and management require spatially explicit information on the dynamics of multiple disturbance processes, but progress in providing such information has been limited to date. Here we examine the use of a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics (LANDIS-II), incorporating a range of ecological processes, to examine the impacts of different types of disturbance on a dryland forest landscape in Central Chile. The model was parameterized using spatial data and results of a field survey, in which 21 native tree species were recorded, and one invasive exotic (Acacia dealbata). Seven disturbance scenarios were simulated, with different combinations of fire, browsing and tree cutting. Model results indicated relatively little impact of disturbance on forest cover but substantial differences in forest structure, with relatively old-growth forest stands (>120 years old) being virtually eliminated from the landscape in scenarios with both browsing and cutting. Tree species richness tended to be lower in those scenarios without disturbance, highlighting potential trade-offs between forest structure and species richness. Spread of A. dealbata was projected only to occur in the presence of fire when combined with browsing and/or cutting. These interactive effects of different forms of disturbance illustrate the value of process-based modeling approaches for exploring the spatial dynamics of multiple disturbance processes, but highlight the difficulty of identifying an optimum disturbance regime that would enable conservation objectives to be achieved. It is suggested that process-based models should form part of an analytical ‘toolkit’ to support the practical implementation of systematic conservation planning approaches.     

Regional and local scale variations in soil organic carbon stocks in West Greenland

The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool of the Northern Hemisphere contains about half of the global SOC stored in soils. As the Arctic is exceptionally sensitive to global warming, temperature rise and prolonged summer lead to deeper thawing of permafrost‐affected soils and might contribute to increasing greenhouse gas emissions progressively. To assess the overall feedback of soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) to global warming in permafrost‐affected regions the spatial variation in SOCS at different environmental scales is of great interest. However, sparse and unequally distributed soil data sets at various scales in such regions result in highly uncertain estimations of SOCS of the Northern Hemisphere and here particularly in Greenland. The objectives of this study are to compare and evaluate three controlling factors for SOCS distribution (vegetation, landscape, aspect) at two different scales (local, regional). The regional scale reflects the different environmental conditions between the two study areas at the coast and the ice margin. On the local scale, characteristics of each controlling factor in form of defined units (vegetation units, landscape units, aspect units) are used to describe the variation in the SOCS over short distances within each study area, where the variation in SOCS is high. On a regional scale, we investigate the variation in SOCS by comparing the same units between the study areas. The results show for both study areas that SOCS are with 8 kg m^?2 in the uppermost 25 cm and 16 kg m^?2 in the first 100 cm of the soil, i.e., 3 to 6 kg m^?2 (37.5%) higher than existing large scale estimations of SOCS in West Greenland. Our approach allows to rank the scale‐dependent importance of the controlling factors within and between the study areas. However, vegetation and aspect better explain variations in SOCS than landscape units. Therefore, we recommend vegetation and aspect for determining the variation in SOCS in West Greenland on both scales.