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901.
Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs 下载免费PDF全文
Jiachen Fang Yang Cao Masatoshi Matsuzaki Hiroyuki Suzuki Hirofumi Kimura 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(12):1516-1521
We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat. 相似文献
902.
903.
Rearing conditions affected responses of weaned pigs to organic acids showing a positive effect on digestibility,microflora and immunity 下载免费PDF全文
Yalin Zhang Yumo Song Xiaoling Zhang Yan Lin Lianqiang Che Shengyu Xu De. Wu Bai Xue Zhengfeng Fang 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(10):1267-1280
Three experiments were conducted to assess the response of weaned pigs to organic acid SF3, which contains 34% calcium formate, 16% calcium lactate, 7% citric acid and 13% medium chain fatty acids. Dietary treatments had no effect on growth performance of piglets (21‐day weaning) fed the commercial prestart diet for 1 week before receiving the experimental diets supplemented with SF3 at 0, 3 or 5 g/kg diet (Exp. 1), whereas diarrhea frequency averaged across a week was decreased by SF3 supplementation (5 g/kg diet) in piglets fed the experimental diets immediately after weaning (Exp. 2). In Exp. 3, piglets (28‐day weaning) were fed the control (containing pure colistin sulfate and enramycin, respectively, at 20 mg/kg diet) for 1 week and then were fed the control or SF3‐supplemented (5 g/kg diet) diet for 2 weeks. The SF3‐fed piglets had greater apparent ileal digestibility of calcium and dry matter, while also demonstrating greater overall gross energy, up‐regulated jejunal expression of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐1 and transforming growth factor‐β, down‐regulated jejunal expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, higher ileal Lactobacillus, with lower total bacteria content, lower plasma TNF‐α but higher IgG levels than the control‐fed piglets. Collectively, SF3 consumption improved diarrhea resistance of weaned pigs by improving nutrient digestibility, piglet immunity and intestinal bacteria profile. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science 相似文献
904.
905.
Toru TACHIBANA Ken Takeshi KUSAKABE Sayuri OSAKI Takeshi KURAISHI Shosaku HATTORI Midori YOSHIZAWA Chieko KAI Yasuo KISO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(1):161-165
The New World monkey Aotus spp. (night monkeys) are expected
for use of valuable experimental animal with the close species of Saimiri
spp. (squirrel monkeys). Saimiri is known to show spontaneous
hypercortisolemia, although few reports in Aotus. We compared basic
states of blood steroid hormones and histological structure of the adrenal glands in two
monkeys. Serum cortisol and ACTH levels were statistically lower in Aotus
than Saimiri. Conversely, Aotus adrenocortical area
showed significant enlargement, especially at the zona fasciculata. Electron microscopic
observation at Aotus fasciculata cells revealed notable accumulation of
large lipid droplets and irregular shapes of the mitochondrial cristae. These results
suggest potential differences in cellular activities for steroidogenesis between
Aotus and Saimiri and experimental usefulness in
adrenocortical physiology and pathological models. 相似文献
906.
Kanae SHIOKAWA Chandika D. GAMAGE Nobuo KOIZUMI Yoshihiro SAKODA Kenta SHIMIZU Yoshimi TSUDA Kumiko YOSHIMATSU Jiro ARIKAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):221-230
The applicability of the recombinant LipL32 for serodiagnosis of leptospiral infection in field rodents was
assessed in this study. An immunodominant region of LipL32 was determined by monoclonal antibodies, and then,
truncated LipL32 (tLipL32) was designed to contain the region (87–188th amino acid). The tLipL32 was compared
between two recombinant expression hosts Escherichia coli and Pichia
pastoris in ELISA. With field rat sera, tLipL32 expressed by P. pastoris
(tLipL32p) had high antigenicity without background reactions, while tLipL32 expressed by E.
coli (tLipL32e) showed high background reactions, which were reduced by pre-adsorption of sera with
E. coli. To evaluate tLipL32-ELISA, field rat sera were tentatively divided into a
Leptospira infection positive (12 sera) and a negative group (12 sera) based on the results
from flaB gene PCR of kidney samples and WB with whole Leptospira cell.
Consequently, the sensitivity of tLipL32p-ELISA for field rat sera was 83% . A similar result was obtained
from tLipL32e-ELISA with adsorbed sera, (92%). However, sensitivity of tLipL32e-ELISA using sera without an
adsorption treatment was 50%. Regardless of the expression host, tLipL32-ELISA had 100% specificity and
sensitivity in experimentally infected laboratory rats. These results suggest that recombinant LipL32
expressed by P. pastoris is more applicable for serodiagnosis in field rats due to a lack of
background reaction. 相似文献
907.
Expression dynamics of bovine MX genes in the endometrium and placenta during
early to mid pregnancy
Takahiro SHIROZU Keisuke SASAKI Manabu KAWAHARA Yojiro YANAGAWA Masashi NAGANO Nobuhiko YAMAUCHI Masashi TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2016,62(1):29-35
MX belongs to a family of type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes, and the MX protein has
antiviral activity. MX has at least two isoforms, known as MX1 and
MX2, in mammals. Moreover, bovine MX1 has been found to have alternative
splice variants—namely, MX1-a and MX1B. In ruminants, IFN-τ—a type I IFN—is
temporarily produced from the conceptus before implantation and induces MX expression in the
endometrium. However, the expression dynamics of MX after implantation are not clear. In the
present study, we investigated the expression of MX1-a, MX1B and
MX2 in the endometrium and placenta before and after implantation along with the expression
of IFN-α, type I receptors (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) and
interferon regulatory factors (IRF3 and IRF9). Pregnant uterine samples were
divided into five groups according to pregnancy days 14–18, 25–40, 50–70, 80–100, and 130–150. Tissue samples
were collected from the intercaruncular endometrium (IC), caruncular endometrium (C) and fetal placenta (P).
Although all the MX expressions were significantly higher in the IC and C at days 14–18,
presumably caused by embryo-secreted IFN-τ stimulation, their expressions were also detectable in the IC, C
and P after implantation. Furthermore, IFN-α expression was significantly higher in the IC.
RT-PCR indicated IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IRF3 and
IRF9 mRNA in all the tissues during pregnancy. These results suggest that all the
MX genes are affected by the type I IFN pathway during pregnancy and are involved in an
immune response to protect the mother and fetus. 相似文献
908.
Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep 下载免费PDF全文
B. Wang T. Ma K.‐D. Deng C.‐G. Jiang Q.‐Y. Diao 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(5):902-910
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary urea in sheep rations having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio. Sixty‐four Dorper × thin‐tailed Han crossbred ram lambs with an average body weight of 30.8 (±0.02) kg were randomly divided into four groups of 16 sheep each, and each group was fed one of the following diets: a basal diet (CON), or CON supplemented with 0.5% (0.5UTM), 1.5% (1.5UTM) or 2.5% (2.5UTM) urea. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, non‐carcass offals, meat quality and peptic tissue lesions were assayed. The average daily weight gains for CON, 0.5UTM, 1.5UTM and 2.5UTM were 216, 218, 200 and 170 g, respectively, with the CON and 0.5UTM groups higher than 2.5UTM group (p < 0.05). Sheep from the 2.5UTM treatment had a significantly lower dry matter intake (1.29 kg/day) than those from the CON and 0.5UTM treatments (1.42 and 1.43 kg/day, p < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in the 2.5UTM group was the highest (p < 0.05). Carcass characteristics, including shrunk body weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dress percentage, and the absolute or relative weight (% body weight) of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were not altered by the treatments (p > 0.05). The muscular pH of 2.5UTM was higher than that of CON (5.68 vs. 5.52, p < 0.05), and shear force in 0.5UTM was lower compared with CON and 2.5UTM (p < 0.05). The anatomical structure lesions in kidneys became more serious with the increasing dietary urea concentrations, with the 2.5UTM animals showing the most severe lesions compared with CON animals. Therefore, supplementary urea as a non‐protein nitrogen source for sheep should not exceed 1.5% of ration having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio to ensure efficacy and safety. 相似文献
909.
Polymorphism in promoter region of growth hormone receptor is associated with potential production capacity of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in pre‐pubertal Holstein heifers 下载免费PDF全文
C. Kawashima M. Munakata M. Matsui A. Miyamoto K. Kida T. Shimizu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(6):1037-1040
Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is one of the important factors for growth, milk production and reproductive functions and mainly released from the liver in response to growth hormone (GH) via GH receptor (GHR) in cattle. Recently, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the bovine GHR gene. Some GHR‐SNPs were shown to be related to plasma IGF‐1 concentration in cattle. Hence, the capacity to IGF‐1 production in the liver might be affected by GHR‐SNP and associated with performance in the future. This study examined whether GHR‐SNP is associated with IGF‐1 production in the liver of pre‐pubertal heifers. In 71 Holstein calves, blood samples for genomic DNA extraction were obtained immediately after birth. To genotype the GHR‐SNPs in the promoter region, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were digested with restriction enzyme NsiI (cutting sites: AA, AG and GG). All heifers at 4 months of age were intramuscularly injected with 0.4 mg oestradiol benzoate. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein just before (0 h) and 24 h after injection. The number of AA, AG and GG at the NsiI site was 0, 17 and 54 respectively. In AG and GG, plasma GH concentrations were higher pre‐injection than 24 h post‐injection (p < 0.01). Moreover, plasma GH concentrations in AG post‐injection were higher than in GG (p < 0.05). In contrast, the GG genotype exhibited higher plasma IGF‐1 concentrations in pre‐injection than post‐injection (p < 0.01), although oestradiol did not change IGF‐1 concentration in the AG genotype. We conclude that the GG polymorphism in the promoter region of GHR is associated with a higher potential capacity of IGF‐1 production in the liver of cattle. 相似文献
910.
Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter of the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and their effect on growth and carcass muscle traits in New Zealand Romney sheep 下载免费PDF全文
J. Wang H. Zhou J. Hu S. Li Y. Luo J.G.H. Hickford 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(3):219-226
Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development in mammals, and variation in ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) has been demonstrated to be associated with variation in the muscularity of sheep. Polymerase chain reaction–single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) was used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 304‐bp amplicon from the promoter region of ovine MSTN. Sequence analyses revealed two previously identified SNPs (c.?2449G/C and c. ?2379T/C) that resulted in three haplotypes (H1 (c.[?2449G; ?2379C]), H2 (c.[?2449C; ?2379C]) and H3 (c.[?2449G; ?2379T]). The effect of these SNPs on growth and carcass traits was investigated in 357 NZ Romney lambs. General linear mixed‐effect models revealed that sheep with the genotype c.?2449GC had a higher loin meat yield (p = 0.032) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.028), than those with the genotype c.?2449GG. The genotype c.?2379CC was associated with an increase in three weight traits: birthweight (p = 0.003), tailing weight (p = 0.009) and weaning weight (p = 0.028), when compared with the genotype c.?2379TC, but it was not found to have an association with growth rate. This suggests that c.?2379T/C has an effect that originates at, or before birth. Haplotype H3 was associated with a decrease in birthweight (p = 0.002), tailing weight (p = 0.003) and weaning weight (p = 0.011). Haplotype H2 was associated with increased loin yield (p = 0.012) and proportion loin yield (p = 0.002). The SNPs may have value as genetic markers for improved Romney breeding. 相似文献