Upland agriculture,the land frontier and forest decline in the Philippines

Population pressure, expansion of small-scale agriculture and shifting cultivation are commonly cited as the causes of tropical deforestation. A close examination of deforestation and agriculture in the Philippine uplands reveals, however, that the vast majority of agriculturists must be sedentary farmers. In addition, the importance of population pressure as a cause of deforestation in the Philippines cannot be supported by the available evidence. Lastly, the concept of arable land is shown to be of limited value in discussing upland agriculture in the Philippines.     

Cardamom, mandarin and nitrogen-fixing trees in agroforestry systems in India's Himalayan region. II. Soil nutrient dynamics

A study on seasonal soil nutrient dynamics was made in large cardamom (Amonum subulatum) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata) agroforestry systems in the Sikkim Himalaya, India. Alnus nepalensis was the N₂-fixing associate in the large cardamom system, and Albizia stipulata in the mandarin agroforestry system. Sites without N₂-fixing species in both agroforestry types comprised native non-symbiotic mixed tree species. Soil was acidic in the cardamom agroforestry and slightly acidic to neutral in the mandarin agroforestry system. Total-N in soils was the highest in the forest-cardamom stand and the lowest in the mandarin-based agroforestry systems. Soil ammonium-N and nitrate-N concentrations were highly seasonal, and the ratio of seasonal maximum and minimum varied up to six times. The C/N ratio was higher in cardamom agroforestry indicating lower N availability than in the mandarin agroforestry. Cardamom stand with Alnus showed a relatively narrower C/N ratio. N₂-fixing species help in maintenance of soil organic matter levels with higher N-mineralization rate as land use change from natural-forest system to agroforestry systems with sparse tree populations. Ratios of inorganic-P/total-P were lower in cardamom agroforestry than the mandarin agroforestry. Seasonal fluctuation in Ca-PO₄, Al-PO₄ and Fe-PO₄ contents regulated the availability of phosphates to some extent for plant uptake.     

The Chagga homegardens: a multistoried agroforestry cropping system on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Northern Tanzania)

The homegardens are characterised by an intensive integration of numerous multipurpose trees and shrubs with food crops and animals, simultaneously on the same unit of land.The Chagga are skilled farmers with an intimate knowledge of the crops and their ecological requirements. They have a good idea of functions/uses of the plant species on their farms. The large species diversity provides both subsistence and cash crops. It enables the farmer to keep his management options open and provides insurance against drought, pest and economic risks.     

石家庄市火炬树沙地绿化栽植技术研究

为逐步改善省会的空气质量,研究了火炬树在石家庄市沙地立地条件下的生长适应性,调查了在沙地条件下耐寒、耐旱、耐热、耐阴、抗病虫及极限条件下的生长情况。提出了火炬树与其它防风固沙植物的配置形式,从而形成乔灌草多层次组合的防风固沙生态体系。     

田间和盆栽核桃与柿子苗木光合特性的初步研究

研究了核桃(Juglans regia L.)、柿子(Diospyros kaki L.f.)两种苗木在田间和盆栽栽培条件下的光合特性。通过室内人工控制光强和CO2浓度,测得盆栽的核桃、柿子的光补偿点分别是62 μmol CO2/m2·s、40μmol CO2/ m2·s;饱和点分别是1 582 μmol CO2/m2·s、1 064 μmol CO2/m2·s;CO2补偿点分别是135 ml/L、230 ml/L。6月的晴天,核桃、柿子盆栽栽培中的净光和速率日变化呈"双峰"型;田问栽培中仅出现1次高峰。两种栽培均出现"午休"现象。     

福建省湿地类型自然保护区发展问题探讨

阐述了福建省湿地类型自然保护区现状 ,分析了湿地类型自然保护区发展存在的问题及其成因 ,据此提出了福建省湿地类型自然保护区的发展对策     

毛乌素沙地不同治理措施植被恢复效果分析

从群落数量结构与干物质生产方面对刘家窑头流域赵家塘不同治理措施下的植被恢复效果进行初步分析.结果表明林草复合措施植被恢复效果最好,灌木林地植被恢复优于乔木林地,杨树纯林地效果较差;草方格固沙能使植被迅速恢复;喷撒化学固沙剂对迎风坡植被恢复的效果较为显著.     

滨海砂地厚荚相思人工林生长特性研究

经对闽南滨海砂地后缘引种的厚荚相思人工林生长特性研究表明 ,厚英相思在 2年生前生长较为缓慢 ,2a后生长迅速 ,其树高、胸径、材积连年生长高峰期分别出现在第 6年 ,第 3～ 6年间和第 7年 ,数量成熟期为 15年左右。在现行造林密度条件下 ,以纸浆材为培育目标 ,则轮伐期应为8～ 9年且不需要间伐     

基于马尔可夫链的鸡西市土地利用结构预测

鸡西市是黑龙江省的第一大煤炭城市,对鸡西市土地利用结构进行分析和预测有助于在煤炭资源衰减的情况下为相关部门在调整全市的社会经济发展的策略、优化土地利用、保持土地的可持续利用发展等方面起到重要的参考作用。本文在对鸡西市土地利用现状分析的基础上,利用马尔可夫链对鸡西市未来土地利用结构进行预测。分析结果表明:从1996年到2005年鸡西市土地利用处于平稳发展期,预测到2020年也将处于平稳发展期,但从长远看将有大量耕地和林地退化为其他土地利用类型。     

杉木人工林地力维持及更新技术研究

通过对土壤和杉木幼林调查分析结果表明 ,炼山、全垦初期表层土壤水分物理状况得到一定的改善 ,速效性养分大量增加 ;1年后 ,土壤表层水分物理性能变差 ,速效养分流失 ,土壤肥力逐渐下降。不同营林措施组合处理的杉木幼林生长 ,在树高、胸径、单株材积平均生长量上有差异 ,经方差分析 ,胸径、单株材积生长量有显著性差异 ,而树高生长量差异不显著