大豆异黄酮对小白鼠抗辐射作用的研究

将小白鼠随机分成3组(对照组、辐射组、辐射灌药组),研究了不同浓度大豆异黄酮对小白鼠抗辐射的影响效应。结果显示,大豆异黄酮有效保护了辐射后小白鼠的外周血,从而具有明显的抗辐射作用。     

水稻纹枯病菌胞壁降解酶的产生及致病作用

水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctonia solaniKühn)在改良的Marcus培养液中能产生多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、纤维素酶(Cx)、果胶甲基半乳糖醛酸酶(PMG)、多聚半乳糖醛酸反式消除酶(PGTE)和果胶甲基反式消除酶(PMTE)5种胞壁降解酶,其中PG、Cx和PMG活性较高,而PGTE和PMTE活性很低。病菌产生胞壁降解酶的最佳条件是:在pH5培养液中28℃下静置培养6 d。病菌接种水稻叶鞘后也能显著产生PG、Cx和PMG等胞壁降解酶,并且病斑外侧褪绿部酶活最高,平均为对照(健康部)的3.4倍;其次是褐色部,酶活总量平均为对照的2.9倍;病斑中央枯白部酶活较低,但明显高于对照。这一结果提示,在病菌侵染和扩展过程中胞壁降解酶起重要作用。果胶酶(PG、PMG)和纤维素酶(Cx)无论是单独处理还是混合处理,对水稻叶鞘都具有显著地损伤细胞膜和浸渍组织的作用。     

适用于转录组测序的大麦胚芽鞘保卫细胞分离方法优化

为获取高质量的大麦幼苗胚芽鞘保卫细胞以进行转录组相关研究,以大麦品种Morex的幼苗胚芽鞘为实验材料,分别对胚芽鞘表皮条撕取方法和保卫细胞分离方法进行优化。结果表明,通过"刮压"技术,不仅可以获得完整的大麦胚芽鞘表皮条,而且缩短了获取的时间;利用纤维素酶R-10与离析酶R-10制备酶解液,同时在酶解液中加入转录抑制剂,并结合表皮条"穿孔"进行辅助酶解,发现酶解温度为30℃、酶解时间为水浴1.5 h时,可以获取大量具有活性的大麦胚芽鞘保卫细胞。     

不同LED光质对培养火龙果胚性愈伤组织的影响

以“玫瑰红龙”火龙果成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织为材料,研究不同光质配比的LED光处理对火龙果愈伤组织生长的动态影响。结果表明1红1绿光质配比,12h/d照射,最有利于火龙果愈伤组织的生长,在28d至42d细胞增长最快且活性最高,为0.78-0.75。其次是白光>1红1蓝>1绿1蓝>1红1绿1蓝>红光,在70d培养周期内,第35d是较理想的收获时间。     

植物增殖细胞核抗原与DNA复制关系的研究现状

为了更深入的对植物增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA)进行研究,本研究归纳了PCNA的研究现状,总结了PCNA的结构特征和包括PCNA参与DNA复制、DNA损伤修复和细胞周期调控等在内的PCNA的功能特点。目前有关PCNA的研究以医学和动物体为主,有关植物PCNA研究的报道很少且相对落后,但已有文献指出,PCNA调控DNA复制,参与DNA复制以确保植物体正常生长发育,因此植物PCNA的功能值得继续研究。     

Spontaneous well-differentiated pancreatic islet cell carcinoma with vascular invasion in a male F344 rat

This case report describes a case of spontaneous pancreatic islet cell carcinoma with vascular invasion in a 110-week-old male F344 rat. Histologically, a pancreatic nodule consisting of tumor cells and many blood-rich vessels, and covered with a fibrous capsule showed local invasion in the capsule and adjacent acinar tissues, encircling a large duct-like structure (DS). The tumor was composed of well-differentiated tumor cells resembling normal pancreatic islet cells, which had small round nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were rare. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for insulin. Although endothelial cells were not detected, the DS wall showed cells positive for α-smooth muscle actin and elastic fibers, suggesting that the DS is the pancreatic artery. This is a rare case of islet cell carcinoma consisting of well-differentiated tumor cells with invasion of the pancreatic artery in a rat.     

Evaluation of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 expression in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by Platycodi radix water extract in Sprague–Dawley rats

Platycodi radix is widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. This study aimed to investigate cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) potential in squamous cell hyperplasia of the stomach induced by a Platycodi radix water extract in a subchronic toxicity study. One hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded stomach tissues of rats treated with Platycodi radix at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 mg/kg body weight/day were used for the analysis. They were conventionally stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemically (IHC) stained using caspase-3 and Ki-67 antibodies. The incidence of squamous cell hyperplasia was significantly increased in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group in both sexes (p<0.01). However, the hyperplastic change was completely repaired after 4 weeks of recovery period. Ki-67 expression was similar in all groups, with no statistically significant differences among the groups. Caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in both sexes in the 3,000 mg/kg b.w./day treatment group (p<0.01), compared with the vehicle control groups, and then reduced to normal levels in the recovery groups in both sexes. In conclusion, this study showed that squamous cell hyperplasia induced by the Platycodi radix water extract in the limiting ridge of the stomach is not considered to be abnormal proliferative change; as a result, squamous cell hyperplasia is considered to be a non-adverse effect when induced by the oral administration of the Platycodi radix water extract once daily for 13 weeks in rats.     

Generation of a uniform thymic malignant lymphoma model with C57BL/6J p53 gene deficient mice

Lymphoma is the third most common cancer diagnosed in children, and T-cell lymphoma has the worst prognosis based on clinical observations. To date, a lymphoma model with uniform penetrance has not yet been developed. In this study, we generated a p53 deficient mouse model by targeting embryonic stem cells derived from a C57BL/6J mouse strain. Homozygous p53 deficient mice exhibited a higher rate of spontaneous tumorigenesis, with a high spontaneous occurrence rate (93.3%) of malignant lymphoma. Because tumor models with high phenotypic consistency are currently needed, we generated a lymphoma model by a single intraperitoneal injection of 37.5 or 75 mg/kg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea to p53 deficient mice. Lymphoma and retinal degeneration occurred in 100% of p53^+/− mice administered with higher concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, a much greater response than those of previously reported models. The main anatomic sites of lymphoma were the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Both induced and spontaneous lymphomas in the thymus and spleen stained positive for CD3 antigen, and flow cytometry detected positive CD4 and/or CD8 cells. Based on our observations and previous data, we hypothesize that mice with a B6 background are prone to lymphomagenesis.     

Caco-2细胞模型及其在营养素小肠吸收机理研究中的应用

Caco-2细胞源自人结肠癌细胞,体外培养时能自发地进行类似肠道细胞的形态学和生化学上的分化,获得许多小肠吸收细胞的特性,如形成微绒毛结构;在细胞表面形成良好的刷状缘;在细胞间形成紧密连接;分泌水解酶以及合成转运糖、氨基酸和药物等的载体转运系统。由培养在微孔滤膜上的Caco-2细胞构建的模型为研究营养素在小肠的吸收机理提供了一个有效且易于操作的实验手段。本文主要综述了Caco-2细胞模型的建立、特征、检测及其在氨基酸、维生素、核苷和微量元素等营养素小肠吸收机理研究中的应用。