亚麻籽打磨脱胶-榨油联合加工工艺

为实现亚麻籽综合加工利用,以产自甘肃粗脂肪质量份数39.3%±0.25%的亚麻籽为研究对象,研究亚麻籽打磨脱胶提取亚麻籽胶粉,然后压榨制取亚麻籽油的联合加工工艺。利用自主研发的150型亚麻籽脱胶机,进行亚麻籽打磨脱胶试验,结果表明,该亚麻籽脱胶机稳定运行流量为40~220 kg/h,满负荷运行流量为220 kg/h,亚麻籽胶粉提取率为6.5%±0.3%,胶粉经脱脂后黏度为(5100±520)mPa·s,脱胶亚麻籽粗脂肪质量分数为41.62%±0.22%。脱胶亚麻籽榨油试验表明,采用兑饼压榨可实现脱胶亚麻籽稳定榨油,兑饼30%一次压榨饼粗脂肪质量分数为5.93%±0.13%,显著低于亚麻籽一次压榨饼和二次压榨饼的13.55%±0.18%(P0.05)和8.11%±0.15%(P0.05),亚麻籽脱胶后压榨出油率34.65%±0.43%,显著高于亚麻籽经2次压榨出油率之和33.94%±0.42%(P0.05)。通过对压榨亚麻籽油酸价、过氧化物值、不皂化物、天然维生素E、植物甾醇指标检测对比,采用打磨的方法进行亚麻籽脱胶不会引起压榨油品质劣变。该文研究结果可为亚麻籽打磨脱胶-榨油加工提供参考。     

不同保鲜处理对白灵菇保鲜效果的影响

本试验以白灵菇天山2号为材料,研究了不同保鲜处理对白灵菇贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,在冷藏条件下,采用直接装3 cm×4 cm硅窗PE袋和O3处理5 min后装3 cm×4 cm硅窗PE袋保鲜效果较好。     

葛根纤维化学脱胶工艺研究

采用化学脱胶处理的方法,从葛根废渣中制备生态友好型的天然葛根纤维.通过变量控制法分析了氢氧化钠的质量浓度、煮练时间的长短对葛根纤维的细度、拉伸断裂强力的影响.实验结果表明,葛根纤维的细度与拉伸断裂强力随NaOH质量浓度或碱煮时间的增加都有减少趋势,通过对比试验,确定了葛根脱胶的最优工艺:葛根纤维的残胶率在氢氧化钠质量浓...     

超临界状态下松脂与甲醇反应产物的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分别对在超临界状态下松脂与甲醇反应产物进行分析,共分离出49个峰,鉴定出45种化合物,反应产物主要为甲酯类、烯烃类化合物,还有较少量的芳香烃类、烷烃类和醇酮类等化合物.甲酯类的主要成分为脱氢枞酸甲酯、1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-八氢-1,4a-二甲基-1-菲羧酸甲酯及...     

Effects of essential oils from Liquidambar orientalis Mill. leaves on growth performance,carcass and some organ traits,some blood metabolites and intestinal microbiota in broilers

1. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of liquidambar essential oils (LEO) isolated from Turkish sweet gum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) leaves on growth performance, carcass, edible inner organs (EIO), gastrointestinal traits (gut), some blood metabolites and jejunum microbiota in broilers.

2. A total of 375 one-d-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 5 pens with 15 birds. The birds were fed on diets without antibiotics (CONT), with antibiotic (50 mg per kg, AB), with LEOs at 0.0405 (0.04LEO), 0.0811 (0.08LEO) or 0.1622 (0.16LEO) g/kg feed up to 42 d of age. The levels of LEOs included to diets were determined according to in vitro antimicrobial activity.

3. From d 1 to 42, the 0.08LEO treatment had higher live weight gain (LWG) compared to others. The 0.08LEO treatment increased feed intake (FI) compared to the CONT, AB and 0.04LEO. However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of these birds was lower than those in the AB and 0.16LEO treatments. From 1 to 42 d of age for LWG, the effects were quadratic and cubic, while those for FI and FCR were cubic and quadratic, respectively. Birds that fed 0.08LEO and AB diets had higher and lower carcass weights (CW) than those that fed other diets. The effect of LEO levels was cubic on the CW. The 0.08LEO and 0.16LEO decreased abdominal fat (AF) weight compared to the AB. The blood cholesterol decreased by the 0.04LEO and 0.08LEO treatments compared to the CONT. For the blood cholesterol, the effects of LEO levels were cubic. The 0.08LEO treatments decreased Escherichia coli counts in jejunum compared to the CONT and 0.16LEO.

4. Feeding a diet with LEO at 0.0811 g/kg might increase the LWG, FI and weights of carcass and AF, whereas it might decrease blood cholesterol and E. coli counts without affecting blood high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, glucose, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase concentrations.     

几种单体胶在酸奶中的应用研究

研究了果胶、明胶、琼脂、瓜儿豆胶单体与变性淀粉结合使用对酸奶感官、贮存稳定性的影响。通过粘度分析与感官分析相结合,以确定各种单体在发酵酸奶中有效使用范围。结果表明,果胶用量在0.5‰-1.5‰,明胶用量在1‰-2‰,琼脂用量0.5‰-1.0‰,瓜儿豆胶用量0.3‰-0.5‰。     

罗望子胶提取工艺技术的研究

研究了以罗望子种子为原料提取罗望子胶的工艺,在单因素试验的基础上,设计正交试验;筛选出了罗望子种子中提取罗望子胶的最佳提取工艺为:料水比1∶30,浸提温度60℃,pH值4.5,最佳提取率为70.2%。     

饲用葡甘露低聚糖的酶法制取

葡甘露低聚糖是一种重要的双歧因子,近年来已被作为一种功能性饲料添加剂,成为动物营养研究的新方向。试验通过对黑曲霉酸性β-甘露聚糖酶酶解魔芋粉制备甘露寡糖进行条件研究,获得了以葡甘露低聚糖为主的酶解产物。酶解条件为:用煮沸的pH值3.5的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液配制180 g/l的魔芋粉溶液,加酶量按30 IU/g魔芋粉计算,酶解水浴温度为65℃,酶解时间为4 h。酶解结束后,将酶解液进行高温灭菌并接种酿酒酵母进行发酵,发酵温度为30℃,摇床转速200 r/min,发酵20 h后将发酵液离心,所得上清液即为不含单糖的葡甘露低聚糖,得率可以达到35.73%(以魔芋粉计)。     

亚麻籽胶流变特性初探

研究了浓度、温度、加热处理、冷冻和放置时间等因素对亚麻籽胶粘度的影响，同时还讨论了亚麻籽胶与盐类、糖类相互作用的效果。结果表明，温度和浓度对亚麻籽胶粘度的影响很大；加热处理明显促进其凝胶的形成；冷冻和放置时间几乎没有影响；盐类、糖类对其粘度有一定的影响。     

黑荆胶的化学组成及其应用研究(Ⅱ)—黑荆胶理化性质的研究

研究了黑荆胶的物理、化学性质及流变性质。结果表明,黑荆胶分子结构中存在着羟基,羧基,是一种含Ｃａ,Ｐｂ等阳离子的弱酸性复杂多糖酸的盐,虽溶解性能不及阿拉伯胶,但理化性能及流变特性与阿拉伯胶极为相似。为黑荆胶替代阿拉伯胶提供了科学根据。