植物营养诊断专家系统知识库及症状标准集建立

研究在分析了植物营养元素知识及典型症状内在规律的基础上,以文献知识为主要获取方法。在研究过程中,收集了覆盖常见作物的元素丰缺条件下的典型与非典型症状描述,直接进入数据库的有286条。以此为基础,提出了作物营养元素症状描述的客观标准集：（1）按元素分类建立了12种元素的客观标准集;（2）在对客观标准集分析归纳的基础上,建立了植株的表观症状描述、部位的表观症状描述、叶片的表观症状描述和诊断检索表;（3）分析了以SQL server2000为数据库平台的技术优势。本知识库的建立为诊断系统成功开发奠定了知识基础。     

Ethnobotanical knowledge of Philippine lowland farmers and its application in agroforestry

Complex agroforestry systems that mimic local forest structure, so-called ‘analogs’, are assumed to be of specific value to rural people as well as the environment. The objective of this study was to document and evaluate the utilization of plant resources by Philippine lowland farmers to identify native species suitable for integration in such a system. The interviewed farmers maintain a comprehensive ethnobotanical knowledge. They reported using 122 plant species for 77 purposes. Eighty species have medicinal value, 35 provide food, and 32 serve other uses. About 64% of the identified species are Philippine natives. The life form composition of these species is dominated by trees but also includes herbs, lianas, and graminoids, thus providing the structural elements required in analog systems. Nevertheless, only a few of the species seem to be promising for cultivation. Many of them are ubiquitous in the vicinity of villages. Some species are also not much appreciated but act as staple food only during food shortage. Even though several of the species have proven market value, such as rattan (e.g. Calamus merrillii), or are reputed medicines, such as ‘Philippine ginseng’ (Sarcandra glabra), no cultivation could be observed. This shows that usefulness in itself cannot be the only criterion to promote species but that it requires a careful analysis of the marketability of the respective species. In this context we suggest the following three species that are of proven medicinal value for in-depth study: the liana Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae), the tree Picrasma javanica (Simaroubaceae), and the herb Sarcandra glabra (Chloranthaceae). They represent three different life form strategies and would thus fit well in vertically structured agroforestry systems.     

Local knowledge and management of simpukng (forest gardens) among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan,Indonesia

Among the Dayak people in East Kalimantan, simpukng (“forest gardens”) are an important component of their traditional farming systems. Simpukng is managed secondary forests in which selected species of fruits, rattan, bamboo, timber and other plants are planted. While most are owned by families and passed down from one generation to the next, some are managed on a communal basis. Complex customary Dayak rules exist that control the use and inheritance of these forests that help to avoid over-exploitation of resources. There is clear gender division of labour among Dayak in the management of simpukng that provide a range of products – for household consumption and sale and for customary rituals – fruits, vegetables, medicines, fire wood, honey, rattan, bamboos, and timber. Local knowledge about the more highly valued species are discussed. These indigenous forest garden systems are currently under threat from large-scale mining and logging activities; conflicts between local and external agencies are unfortunately frequent. This paper examines the development and management of simpukng in four Dayak villages in East Kalimantan and their implications on sustainable management of natural resources, with particular emphasis on the role of local knowledge of some of the more highly valued species and the current challenges faced by these communities in maintaining their traditional agroforest management practices.     

基于知识仓库的虚拟产品开发技术探析

基于知识仓库的虚拟产品开发技术整合社会资源,利用web技术在不实际生产产品实物的情况下,利用模块化思想采用网络化并行设计,在产品设计初期就考虑到后续工艺和加工需求以及用户可能的附加要求,可缩短新产品开发周期。本文基于知识仓库,针对虚拟产品开发技术,分析虚拟产品技术的国内外研究现状,阐述虚拟产品开发技术的原理以及相关技术,构造虚拟产品开发的设计流程,并且基于Delphi8.0网络环境下构建基于知识的虚拟产品创新设计制造个人工作空间子系统。     

本体在森林病虫害专家系统中的应用

阐述了本体的发展及其技术理论,对其基本描述语言RDF/RDFS与OWL做了介绍。通过对本体技术进行分析,利用其形式化、共享性和明确性等特点,提出将其应用到森林病虫害专家系统中,构建基于本体知识库的森林病虫害专家系统,进而提高专家系统的智能性。     

我国刨花板生产现状与市场分析

介绍了刨花板产品特性、我国刨花板生产现状,指出我国刨花板发展中存在的问题,并根据我国现阶段市场的实际情况,预测我国刨花板的市场前景。     

制板因素对FRW阻燃中密度纤维板性能的影响

制板因素对阻燃中密度纤维板(MDF)各项性能的影响至关重要.根据前期试验,选取阻燃剂施加量和热压温度两个主要的制板影响因素,分别探讨了该因素对FRW阻燃中密度纤维板物理力学性能和阻燃性能的影响.研究结果表明:阻燃剂施加量对FRW阻燃中密度纤维板的物理力学性能影响较小,并且所有物理力学性能指标均达到并超过了中密度纤维板国家标准GB/T11718-1999的要求;而阻燃剂施加量对FRW阻燃中密度纤维板的阻燃性能影响较大,氧指数与阻燃剂施加量之间具有显著的相关性.热压温度除对FRW阻燃中密度纤维板的几个指标略有影响外,对其他的物理力学性能指标和氧指数几乎无影响.     

软木/龙须草纤维复合材料的研究

为了降低软木材料的生产成本,将龙须草纤雏和软木粒子混合,进行了软木/龙须草纤维复合材料的开发研究.以复合材料的耐水性、抗拉强度、可压缩系教、回弹率等为指标,考察了龙须草纤维的比例、施胶量、热压温度和热压时间的影响.得出较佳的工艺条件为:龙须草纤维比例20%,施胶量8%,热压温度150℃,热压时间15 min.     

论深化我国集体林地产权制度的配套改革

我国集体林权制度改革即将全面完成,深化配套制度改革成为当前面临的重要任务。在集体林地产权制度的配套改革方面,应当重构集体林地产权的权利体系,完善行政征用补偿机制和林区社会保障制度,并建立和强化林地利益相关者管理机制。通过配套制度的同步推进,巩固主体改革成果,促进我国林业的可持续发展。     

关于高性能混凝土的科学研究与未来发展

阐述了高性能混凝土产生的背景和国内外学者对高性能混凝土的认识与定义,并详细介绍了高性能混凝土的国内外的研究与未来发展问题,同时,还针对高性能混凝土研究与发展中的一些问题进行了探讨。