烤烟主要物理性状与化学成分的典型相关分析

以烤烟品种K 326为供试材料,采用典型相关分析方法研究了烤烟不同部位烟叶的主要物理性状和化学成分的关系.结果表明,烤烟物理性状和化学成分所具有的显著性指标因部位而异;上、中、下3个部位物理性状共有的显著性指标是叶长、叶厚和叶面密度,化学成分共有的显著性指标是氯含量、钾含量和钾氯比,且后者对典型变量的相对作用大小一致,表现为钾>钾氯比>氯;烤烟不同部位烟叶叶长、叶厚和叶面密度与钾、钾氯比和氯的关系最为密切.典型负载系数可以作为确定各部位物理特性和化学成分显著性指标的重要依据.     

非农就业质量如何影响山区农户土地转出稳定性——基于浙江省4县480户农户的观察

为厘清非农就业质量对山区农户土地转出稳定性的影响机制,基于2021年浙江省山区4县480户农户调查数据,采取OLS、Heckman两阶段以及2SLS等模型开展实证研究,同时采取Probit模型检验作用机制并结合案例加以佐证。结果表明：1）非农就业质量的改善激励山区农户提高土地转出的稳定性。2）非农就业质量显著影响老一代农户和“体制外”农户土地转出的稳定性,但是对新生代农户和“体制内”农户的影响不显著,同时,非农就业质量对土地转出稳定性的影响并不因为就业距离的远近而产生差异;3）非农就业质量影响土地转出稳定性的作用机制在于强化农户的城市融入意愿、弱化农户对地租的偏好以及弱化土地的社会保障功能。相关政策需要致力于提升山区农户的非农就业质量,提升和完善非农就业的稳定性、收入和保障制度。     

猪源发酵乳杆菌的筛选及其潜在益生性能

【目的】对从健康仔猪粪便中筛选分离出一株发酵乳杆菌的益生性能进行测试,为其在畜禽动物养殖中的应用提供参考。【方法】采用Rogosa SL完全选择性培养基分离出106株乳酸菌,通过革兰氏染色、酸和胆盐耐受初步筛选出1株潜在的饲用乳酸菌,经16S rDNA序列鉴定为发酵乳杆菌LF1,并对其益生性能潜力进行评估,包括抑菌活性(针对大肠杆菌K88、金黄色葡萄球菌、猪链球菌、沙门氏菌以及弧菌等12种病原菌)、对模拟胃液中酸性环境的耐受性、对胆盐的耐受性以及对小肠上皮细胞的粘附性。【结果】发酵乳杆菌LF1耐酸和耐胆盐的能力较强,显示出较强的益生菌潜力,但LF1菌株对猪肠道上皮细胞的粘附能力不强。在生物拮抗作用方面,发酵乳杆菌LF1的培养上清可以显著抑制多种常见动物病原菌生长。【结论】发酵乳杆菌LF1具有较好的益生性能,通过进一步的动物实验评估后,可以作为应用于畜禽养殖业的益生菌候选菌株。     

Quality aspect of fish sauce prepared from underutilized fatty Japanese anchovy and rabbit fish

ABSTRACT:   To explore the potential utility of underutilized fish in the fish sauce industry, fish sauces were prepared from both raw and heat-induced meat of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonica and rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens using wheat malt, and their quality aspects and sensory properties were assessed. Proximate composition of the fish meat represents protein as the major component (16.0–17.8%), other than moisture. Analyses of free amino acids, peptides including oligopeptides, and organic acids contents in fish sauces revealed suitability of both raw and heat-induced meat of the selected species in commercial fish sauce production. The variations in taste of raw meat fish sauces were species-specific, but the taste of fish sauces from heat-induced meat were similar.     

Chemical and Thermal Properties of Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Meat

Chemical compositions and thermal properties of cultured freshwater prawn meat (FPM) were studied. FPM contained 83.2% protein (dry basis), 62.7% of which was myofibrillar protein. Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and insoluble collagen (ISC) contents were 0.63 and 0.32%, respectively. Both collagens were similar to type V collagen from porcine placenta. Glutamic acid/glutamine, arginine, aspartic acid/?asparagine, and lysine were abundant amino acids in FPM. Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and aspartic acid/?asparagine were predominant in both collagens. FPM exhibited thermal transition temperatures (T_max) of 48.3 and 64.7°C, whereas T_max of PSC and ISC were 43.0 and 46.0°C, respectively. Textural changes in FPM during post-mortem storage on ice are plausibly dependent upon its compositional and thermal properties.     

Fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene netting twine

Tensile and knot fatigue property of high-performance polyethylene (HPPE), regular polyethylene (PE), nylon multifilament (PAmu), and nylon monofilament (PAmo) under cyclic loading conditions were investigated. The durability of HPPE under tensile fatigue testing was largest, followed by PAmo, PAmu and PE. In knot fatigue, the largest was PAmo, followed by HPPE, PAmu, and PE. High resistance by HPPE to the cyclic loads was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed that HPPE suffered the least damage from abrasion compared with the other twines. From the measurement of elongation changes during the cyclic loading, HPPE had very small changes. The low elongation value of HPPE was probably the result of its better fatigue property because there was less damage from abrasion.     

微囊化亚硫酸盐的模拟释放和应

研究了壁材类型和用量及相对湿度对微囊化的食品保鲜剂亚硫酸盐模拟释放的影响,并用Avrami's公式分析了不同相对湿度下的释放特性.结果表明:相对湿度为85%,壁芯比为1.0,壁材为乙基纤维素的微胶囊6d时SO2保留率为16.2%,其他壁材24d时SO2保留率为8.0%～13.8%;壁材用量对释放影响不显著;同种壁材,相对湿度85%时释放速率是相对湿度75%时的1.3倍,是相对湿度43%时的5.5～7.0倍.该保鲜剂用于玫瑰香葡萄保鲜时,与普通片剂及粉剂相比,药害率和腐烂率均降低60%左右,果实中SO2残留量降低了40%～50%.     

黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料弯曲性能分

利用模压方法制备了黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料,并利用试验方法研究黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料的弯曲性能.研究结果表明:在试验条件下,通过对黄糊精/秸秆纤维复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量的极差分析发现最优组合相同,即热压温度A=170℃、热压压力B=9.8 MPa、热压时间C=20 min、黄糊精质量D=30 g,并对最优组合进行了试验验证,得出其弯曲强度为15.34 MPa,弯曲弹性模量为2 522.78 MPa.通过对复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量的方差分析发现,热压时间是不显著因素,而热压压力是显著因素.     

过氧化物酶催化酪蛋白的交联反应优化与乳化性改

采用辣根过氧化物酶对酪蛋白进行酶促交联,并经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、光谱分析和毛细管电泳验证.利用毛细管电泳、面积归一化方法对交联酪蛋白进行分析并计算交联度;以交联度为指标、应用响应面分析法对交联条件优化,得出适宜的条件为:温度37℃、反应时间2.9 h、酶添加量为每克蛋白质4.73μkat,此条件下酪蛋白交联度达到6.9%.与酪蛋白相比,交联酪蛋白的乳化活性在蛋白质质量分数为0.01%时提高了8.7%,而其乳化稳定性在蛋白质质量分数为0.03%时提高了21.1%.     

某考试系统评分模块的边界值测试用例设计

边界值分析(Boundary Value Analysis)技术扩展了对等价类中起始和末尾输入值可能性的分析。输入输出数据中很大百分比的功能性错误都发生在这些边界上,或这些边界值的周围。介绍了边界值分析的基本概念和测试用例设计原则,以某考试系统的评分模块为背景,进行了边界值测试用例的设计。