The genetic organization of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis region of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 14

The genetic organization of the gene involved in the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 14 has been determined. The DNA region for the CPS biosynthesis of serotype 14 (cps14) comprised 9 open reading frames, designated as cps14AB₁B₂B₃CDEFG genes, encoding Cps14A to Cps14G protein, respectively. Cps14A was similar to CpsA of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4 and 12; the Cps14B₁ and Cps14B₂ were similar to CpsB of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4 and 12, suggesting that CPS structure of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 14 would belong to Group I including A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4, 12 and 15. Surprisingly, the overall nucleotide sequence, deduced amino acid sequence, and the genetic organization of the cps14 were nearly identical to those of Actinobacillus suis. This study will provide the molecular basic knowledge for development of diagnostics and vaccine of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 14.     

朱熹思想体系中的知识与人文信仰

在继承北宋五子对信仰与知识加以联系并解构的同时,朱熹着力于更加逻辑与严密地论述了知识与人文信仰二者之间的关联。在知识与人文信仰的关系中,朱熹认为信仰以知识为基础,知识以信仰为依据。扩充知识是完善信仰的过程,它指向的是可能性目的;具有信仰是获得知识的依据,它指向的是必然性原因。     

Powassan virus,a scoping review of the global evidence

Background

Powassan virus (POWV), a flavivirus discovered in 1958, causes sporadic but severe cases of encephalitis in humans. Since 2007, the number of human Powassan cases diagnosed each year in the USA has steadily increased. This is in agreement with predictions that Powassan cases may increase in North America as a result of increased exposure to infected ticks. However, the increase may also reflect improved diagnostics and reporting among other factors.

Methods

A scoping review was prioritized to identify and characterize the global literature on POWV. Following an a priori developed protocol, a comprehensive search strategy was implemented. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevant research and the identified full papers were used to characterize the POWV literature using a predetermined data characterization tool.

Results

One hundred and seventy‐eight articles were included. The majority of the studies were conducted in North America (88.2%) between 1958 and 2017. Both genotypes of POWV (Powassan lineage 1 and Deer Tick virus) were isolated or studied in vitro, in vectors, nonhuman hosts and human populations. To date, POWV has been reported in 147 humans in North America. The virus has also been isolated from five tick species, and several animals have tested positive for exposure to the virus. The relevant articles identified in this review cover the following eight topics: epidemiology (123 studies), pathogenesis (66), surveillance (33), virus characterization (22), POWV transmission (8), diagnostic test accuracy (8), treatment (4) and mitigation strategies (3).

Conclusion

The literature on POWV is relatively small compared with other vector‐borne diseases, likely because POWV has not been prioritized due to the small number of severe sporadic human cases. With the projected impact of climate change on tick populations, increases in the number of human cases are expected. It is recommended that future research efforts focus on closing some of the important knowledge gaps identified in this scoping review.     

甘肃省农村信息服务的困惑与对策

从信息供需关系的角度,分析解读了甘肃省农村信息服务中遇到的困惑,并从基层公共图书馆的视角提出了以资源共建共享为核心的农村信息服务对策。     

“一分钟游程”构园法则的适用性研究

“一分钟游程”构园法则将人的视觉感受与园林组景共同考虑,以25~30 m作为组景转换的理想距离,对游路结构进行反复烘托与不断强化,从而形成柔和、丰富的“构景曲线”。选择南北方各具代表性的苏州沧浪亭和北京恭王府花园,分析其园林的景观布局,对比园林空间序列的“起”“承”“转”“合”间距。结果表明,“一分钟游程”构园法则在南方私家园林及北方皇家园林中同样适用,为今后的游线组织与组景布设提供了设计参考。     

泛在知识环境下高校图书馆学科服务创新研究

泛在知识环境下高校图书馆学科服务的理念、内容和模式都出现了一系列新变化。在对全新的服务理念和服务内容进行分析的基础上,提出图书馆应该建立与此相适应的团队协作、互动协同新模式。     

基于协调系数修正的森林生态系统服务价值评估——以1998-2007年北京市为例

选择北京市为研究区域,采用1998—2007年的统计年鉴数据,以谢高地等的研究方法为基础,从影响森林资源生态系统服务价值因素的角度,建立修正指标体系,对传统生态系统服务价值测算方法进行修正,分析北京森林资源生态系统服务价值的变化情况。结果表明,北京1998—2007年森林资源生态服务价值总体上呈现先降后升的趋势,引入协调系数修正后的价值也呈这一趋势,但价值量总体降幅为9%。该结果显示在综合了社会和经济因素对森林资源生态系统服务价值的影响因素后,其价值在一定程度上更接近于实际,变化趋势良好。     

我国渔业行政执法队伍纳入国家公务员管理的研究

目前我国渔业行政执法队伍已有3万多人,但文化素质整体上偏低,而且,我国各级渔业行政执法机构普遍面临经费严重不足和执法装备落后等问题。为从根本上解决这些问题,我国渔业行政执法队伍应纳入国家公务员管理,这是渔业管理面临的新形势和新任务以及渔业管理依法行政的需要,也有利于加强我国的渔政队伍建设,符合我国有关法律规定和"依法治国"的战略目标,而且客观上我国渔政队伍也具备纳入国家公务员管理的条件。结合国家公务员制度的有关规定和渔业行政执法的特点,提出了我国渔政队伍纳入国家公务员管理的实施方案建议。     

提升图书馆的服务标准建设信息资源服务新模式

图书馆的服务标准评价将随着馆藏质量与检索质量评价标准等量变化而变化,提升图书馆的服务标准,把服务的重心放在对知识的整合和信息资源新模式建设上,将"深层次的信息整合服务"的理念引入高校图书馆的科研和管理体制,在馆藏资源和网上资源间找到最佳结合点,体现高校图书馆服务标准的发展方向.     

浅谈知识经济和图书馆发展

图书馆是伴随着社会对知识的需求产生和发展起来的。知识经济的兴起必然为图书馆的发展提供机遇。本文基于知识经济的几点特征简要论述了它对图书馆的影响以及知识经济与图书馆之间存在的必然联系,并预测了图书馆未来发展趋势。