A social learning video method: Identifying and sharing successful transformation knowledge for sustainable soil management in Switzerland

To enhance sustainable land use, a From Farmer to Farmer project was conducted in Switzerland (2001–2010). A multi‐stakeholder discussion group co‐produced nine videos with experienced farmers and wine producers showing sustainable soil management practices. We analysed the video audio‐visual content and drew on reflections of the co‐production process, referring to concepts of system, target and transformation knowledge, as well as on social learning. The analysis showed a broad range of means (or actions) for sustainable soil management in arable land management, fodder production and wine growing that are aligned to transformation knowledge. The research showed that farmers refer to three phases of social learning, light‐bulb moments, coping with challenges and gaining successful expertise. These are not just linear processes of individuals. Four types of social learning were found in the video analysis: (a) learning from observing actions of others, (b) sharing experiences with storytelling, (c) informal social interactions and (d) being a role model with a large social network. Videos enable transformation knowledge to be shared with peers using storytelling; this powerful narrative communication style provides credibility and respects the ‘thought style’ of the target audience group. We conclude that for successful implementation of sustainable actions, it is important to address a specific target group and share their transformation knowledge built upon system and target knowledge. The social learning video method is a viable way to enable social learning between science, administration and practice and has potential for fostering change in sustainable soil management.     

高职高专院校图书馆知识管理实践探索

本文阐述了知识管理与高职高专图书馆知识管理的概念,分析了高职高专院校图书馆知识管理的特征与现状,提出了适合一套适合高职高专院校图书馆实际的知识管理实施策略。     

多邻域保持嵌入的人脸识别方法

现有流形学习算法在学习人脸数据时,假设所有数据点位于单一低维嵌入流形之上,当数据点实际分布在不同的流形上时,单流形假设就会影响数据真实空间结构。为此提出一种基于多邻域保持嵌入（multiple neighborhood preserving embedding, M-NPE）的学习算法来发现不同类别数据在不同维度的低维嵌入空间中分布的多流形结构。首先,单独学习不同类别数据的流形,得到反映其本质特征的流形;再通过遗传算法搜索每个流形的最优维数;最后依据最小重构误差分类器对样本分类。在Extended Yale B和CMU PIE这2个大型人脸库上实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

甘蔗收获机智能设计知识表达及知识库系统开发

针对甘蔗收获机领域知识匮乏、重用、共享性差的问题, 通过研究该领域知识的特点,综合利用与或树产生式规则、框架和面向对象的方法表达该领域中的模糊知识及创新性知识, 通过与数据库软件的有效集成,创建智能设计知识库系统,通过对知识库的管理实现知识的获取和维护。     

农技云平台知识地图的设计与实现

农技云平台是面向全国农业技术推广人员的综合性知识服务平台,为他们提供学习、交流、分享以及与农业专家互动等各种知识服务。随着项目的不断推进,数据量的急剧增加,平台内急需一种有效的知识管理工具来帮助用户更快捷得找到最需要的知识。知识地图作为一种知识管理工具已经被应用到了很多领域,它可以为用户提供一个直观的、图像化的知识引导,揭示知识间的关系,促进知识的交流与分享。介绍了全国基层农技推广信息化云平台的基本情况,以及知识地图的发展概况和特点,在此基础上首次提出了将知识地图应用到农业科技领域的想法,制定了在云平台中构建知识地图的设计方案,具体包括知识地图整体架构的设计、静态知识节点中位置属性与内容属性的提取、动态知识节点的社会标注、知识网络关联算法的设计,并对知识地图的展现策略做出了详细的说明。而且,根据该方案,云平台中的知识地图已经得到了初步实现。     

信息时代的社会形态

重新对信息社会的特征进行介绍,以期人们对其引起重视,使我们的思想对策和体制适应信息社会的操作运行。     

Biocultural Diversity of Sarangani Province,Philippines: An Ethno-Ecological Analysis

This paper discussed effects of lowland-associated influences on upland ecology, food security and biocultural diversity in the Sarangani farming communities of the Philippines. In the uplands of Sarangani Province, the conservation of traditional rice varieties, the centrality of rice in tribal life, and the continued observance of planting rituals attest to its cultural significance and convey a common desire for cultural preservation and community solidarity. Economic and socio-political pressures had transformed tribal communities, although vestiges of traditional farming systems are still being practiced in remote sitios(villages). Changing land use patterns had also resulted in shrinking farm sizes and consequently in food insecurity in the Sarangani uplands. Extractive industries(i.e. logging, mining and charcoal making) and swidden farming were observed to cause widespread environmental degradation, while modern agriculture had undermined the capacity of indigenous peoples to survive because of their complete dependence on lands and resources. With the reality that cultural and biological diversities are inextricably linked, trans-disciplinary strategies coupling indigenous knowledge systems with scientific knowledge should, therefore, be instituted to save the Sarangani upland ecosystem, the indigenous peoples and their tribal resources.     

香格里拉县五境乡传统人工种植羊肚菌对经济生态的影响

在云南省滇西北香格里拉县五境乡,经过村民长期的试验和实践,野生羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)得到了成功的人工种植与推广.2010年8～9月,为了了解五境乡羊肚菌人工种植的经济和生态效益,对该乡的羊肚菌种植“示范村”一仓觉村进行了调查.结果表明,仓觉村具有悠久的羊肚菌分布、收集与栽培历史;羊肚菌的种植与其他地区相比有明显的差异,当地羊肚菌的种植以传统方法为主;随着羊肚菌种植面积的扩大,羊肚菌对当地人民的生计和经济收入有着越来越重要的作用;由于需要砍伐一些森林资源作为栽培料,羊肚菌的种植对当地的生态环境有一定负面影响,然而在一定程度上反而有利于森林的替代和增加生物多样性.为了促进羊肚菌种植的可持续发展和生态保护,当地村民也采取了一些积极的措施,如对栽培料森林资源的采伐方式为伐大留小和砍密留稀,村民在退耕还林地上自发种植大量的栽培料木材资源,并开始尝试其他的种植方式.     

基于知识仓库的虚拟产品开发技术探析

基于知识仓库的虚拟产品开发技术整合社会资源,利用web技术在不实际生产产品实物的情况下,利用模块化思想采用网络化并行设计,在产品设计初期就考虑到后续工艺和加工需求以及用户可能的附加要求,可缩短新产品开发周期。本文基于知识仓库,针对虚拟产品开发技术,分析虚拟产品技术的国内外研究现状,阐述虚拟产品开发技术的原理以及相关技术,构造虚拟产品开发的设计流程,并且基于Delphi8.0网络环境下构建基于知识的虚拟产品创新设计制造个人工作空间子系统。     

Knowledge Representation for Rotative Machine Fault Diagnosis Based on Semantic Net

Aiming at knowledge representation problem of expert system for rotary machinery fault diagnosis, semantic net knowledge representation is discussed. Semantic net to represent expert knowledge of rotary machinery fault diagnosis is explored. Its realizing method is afforded in computer language, in addition, demostrating model is also developed in Visual C++. The result shows good validity of the knowledge representation.