联合收获机知识组织与知识库系统研究

针对联合收获机知识缺乏系统化组织与分类、难以在设计时高效获取并应用的问题,应用装备谱系及谱系拓扑图形式对联合收获机知识进行层次化组织;按照联合收获机智能化设计实际应用需求,对知识库系统功能模块进行架构分析;分析了农机装备设计知识的表现形式,综合利用产生式规则和框架表示的混合表示方法对设计过程进行分析和表达,建立了设计体...     

Renaturing cities: from utopias to contested realities and futures

Renaturing urban environments is a transformative pathway for urban sustainability that can be leveraged for collaborative research and planning to reverse long trends of ecosystem degradation. People-nature connections need to be reinforced to enable the successful uptake and upscale of urban renaturing practices. Improving people’s understanding, perception, and emotions towards nature is therefore key. In this paper, we discuss how human knowledge and values of nature can be enabled through urban renaturing. Besides, we discuss the required transitions in urban planning processes to support urban renaturing practices.     

基于WebGIS和知识模型的精确农作决策支持系统

在提炼和优化作物管理知识模型的基础上,以WebGIS为空间信息平台,运用软构件技术及B/S分布式网络结构,构建了网络化精确农作决策支持系统.系统实现了基本地图操作、信息查询、差异分析、决策支持、结果展示以及系统维护功能,其中决策支持功能可基于田区土壤肥力和苗情长势差异进行数字化管理方案生成和因苗动态调控.在水稻试验示范区的系统应用结果表明,根据系统推荐的方案进行水稻田间管理,可使该区整体产量水平提高12.16%,肥料施用量减少23.55%,产量变异度下降79.49%.研究结果为实现网络化、数字化、广适性的精确农作决策支持提供了基本平台.     

Influence of the Expert Effect on Cultural Models

We examined hunters’ perceptions of fauna to see if expert hunters and other hunters perceive wildlife abundance similarly. We used cultural consensus analysis (CCA) to assess the knowledge of 25 hunters in the Bolivian Amazon about the abundance of 38 animals. CCA indicated highly shared beliefs among hunters concerning wildlife abundance (average agreement = .62). However, expert hunters (as judged by their reported successful hunts of rare species, having hunted recently, and consuming more game in their diet) perceived more animals as abundant than did non-experts, although they all shared the same model. Since the expert hunters did not always agree on which species was more abundant, they had low cultural knowledge scores in CCA results. These experts may be unwilling to curtail hunting efforts on key species that they perceive to be abundant.     

专家控制技术在设施园艺中的应用

设施园艺环境有多因素、线性大、时间滞后和不确定性的特点。随着现代化控制技术的发展,专家控制技术可以取得较好的控制效果。为此,介绍了专家控制技术的基本概念和其在温室环境控制中的应用,并叙述了知识库、数据库和推理机的设计过程。     

浅谈知识经济时代科技期刊编辑的基本素质

知识经济时代的到来对我国科技期刊编辑提出了挑战，要求科技期刊编辑要适应知识经济时代的发展，不断提高基本素质，还要有良好的政治理论水平、广博的文化和语言知识、高尚的职业道德和工作作风、广泛社交能力等，逐步建立一支高素质、复合型、追求创新的、稳定的编辑队伍，从而促进科技期刊的发展。     

Why Is Non-Timber Forest Product Harvesting an “Issue”?

Summary

Despite an encouraging trend in North America of growing interest across a range of disciplines in non-timber forest products (e.g., this volume), NTFP harvesters' knowledge and practices continue to be poorly understood and undervalued, if not ignored, both by research scientists and forestland policy-makers and managers. This article explores why NTFP harvesting suddenly emerged in North America as an “issue” in the early 1990s. Drawing from a three-year study of chanterelle mushroom harvesters on the Olympic Peninsula Biosphere Reserve (Washington, USA), we discuss a variety of forces which intersected in this period to bring NTFP harvesting to wider attention. Unfortunately, harvesters continue to be excluded as knowledgeable actors in, if not legitimate co-managers of, temperate forest ecosystems, resulting in both passive and active harvester resistance to research and management, a devaluing of local harvesting traditions, and missed opportunities for collaboration. We reluctantly conclude that despite “New Forestry” co-management rhetoric, given existing institutional barriers and positivist scientific categories, NTFP workers will likely remain excluded from active roles in temperate forest research and management-contributing in turn to the ongoing legitimacy crisis of public and private forest management entities.     

知识经济与大学生能力的培养

知识经济时代是以“人力资源”为根本的时代，知识经济对个人的知识和能力提出了更高的要求。面对知识经济的挑战，作为大学生不仅要努力提高自己的科学文化素质，而且更要注重综合能力的培养，只有这样才能在未来的竞争中立于不败之地。     

知识经济社会：素质教育与教育素质

本从人类社会发展的角度阐述了在知识经济社会里化素质教育的基础，创新素质教育是素质教育的发展，教育素质是素质教育的前提和保证，素质教育是教育素质的最终体现。