豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式现状

从粮食作物、经济作物及饲草的种植,饲草料的加工调制与利用,全舍饲肉羊的养殖及杂交繁育,以及羊粪尿的资源化利用等方面介绍了豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式发展现状,以期为促进豫北山区资源可持续利用、山区生态环境良性循环和社会经济可持续发展提供思路。     

未来气候变化条件下青藏高原多年冻土区潜在植被类型面积预估

在青藏高原多年冻土区根据490个植被调查样点数据和3种遥感数据集的27个变量,利用决策树分类模型,模拟出4种代表性浓度路径情景下10个气候系统模式在2050年和2070年的青藏高原高寒草地类型(高寒沼泽草甸、高寒草甸、高寒草原、高寒荒漠和裸地)潜在分布结果。同时为保证数据分析的一致性,利用数据对当前高原草地类型也进行了反演。结果表明:相比当前高寒草地分布面积,预计在2050年和2070年裸地和高寒草甸面积微弱减少,高寒草原和高寒荒漠面积在微弱增加,高寒沼泽草甸面积变化不明显。结果在4种代表性浓度路径情景下的表现基本一致,研究不仅可以为高寒草地气候变化研究提供植被类型相关的数据支持,还可以为青藏高原多年冻土区碳循环的探讨提供部分的方法和理论依据。     

浙江蚕区的变化及其发展趋势

本文根据《浙江省蚕桑生产区划》的蚕区划分,分析了各蚕区在浙江蚕桑生产持续发展、徘徊滑坡时的变化,及其变化的特点和原因;并分析了蚕区变化的趋势。     

小灵猫定点排粪及即时取食的驯化研究

为探索小灵猫人工驯养繁殖技术,对小灵猫生态行为进行观察研究,结果表明,小灵猫的某些野性可通过人为引导加以改进,向有利于人工养殖的方面发展,并成功地引导其定点排粪及投食后即时取食。     

天水地区葡萄霜霉病田间病情、孢子囊数量动态及病害始发关键因子分析

葡萄霜霉病是为害天水地区葡萄的主要病害,为明确当前环境条件下天水地区田间霜霉病发生、霜霉病菌孢子囊数量时间动态及病害初始发生的关键因子,本研究采用捕孢法及病害定点调查,对葡萄生长期田间霜霉病菌孢子囊数量及霜霉病发生动态进行了观测,用农田小气候自动观测仪记录田间气象数据。结果表明,天水地区葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊始见期一般为7月初左右,若条件适宜,7月下旬至8月下旬为扩散盛期,9月以后进入快速消退期;田间病害始发期为7月上中旬,条件适宜时8月中下旬进入盛发期。在田间检测到霜霉病菌孢子囊后7 d左右田间开始见到霜霉病斑,从病害始发期至盛发期田间病情扩展与霜霉菌孢子囊数量呈显著正相关;葡萄霜霉病的发生与温度、相对湿度、降水等气象因子密切相关,其中有效降水是影响葡萄霜霉病初始发生及蔓延流行的关键气象因子。     

优良早熟大果型苹果新品种‘华硕’在山东烟台的引种试栽表现

华硕是郑州果树研究所自主培育的优良早熟苹果品种,烟台市农业科学研究院于2009年将该品种引进烟台,在烟台及周边地区进行试栽试验。经多年引种观察,该品种果实近圆形,果个大,平均单果重258.8g;果面着鲜红色,外观漂亮;果肉细腻多汁,风味酸甜适度,有香味;成熟时果实可溶性固形物含量13.2%,果肉硬度9.8kg/cm2,品质上等;在烟台地区8月上中旬成熟,成熟期介于美国八号和嘎啦之间,耐贮性优于美国八号和嘎啦品种,适于在烟台及其周边地区进行推广栽植。     

寒区马鹿发情鉴定与最佳输精时间的确定

为使寒区马鹿人工授精有标准可循,并提高其受胎率,对2007年大兴安岭地区马鹿人工输精记录进行了分析。结果表明：生产中,寒区马鹿发情鉴定采取＂公鹿试情为主,人为观察为辅＂综合判定的方式比较准确。人工输精最佳时机是发情末期母鹿拒绝试情公鹿爬跨前的1h到拒绝爬跨后的3h。这一个时段母鹿外观特征主要变化是由兴奋转为安静,从接受公鹿爬跨转为拒爬,外阴肿胀基本消退、颜色呈淡红或暗紫色。     

Predicting Acceptability of Jaguars and Pumas in the Atlantic Forest,Brazil

Jaguars and pumas are threatened species in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest, especially at the borders of protected areas. This article assessed the influence of emotions, attitudes, existence value, and agency credibility on acceptability of big cats among rural residents living adjacent to two protected areas in this forest. Data from self-administrated questionnaires (n = 326) indicated those with positive attitudes toward big cats (β = .28, p < .001), those who valued the existence of big cats (β = .14, p < .05), those who would feel sorrow if big cats disappeared (β = .21, p < .001), and those who considered the managing agency as credible (β = .16, p = .002) were more accepting of big cats. The model provided theoretical and practical insights into large carnivore conservation. For example, given the significance of agency credibility, a positive relationship between park authorities and residents is crucial for big cat conservation.     

Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites: Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95% over the past century. Improving the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source sites. From 2008–2010, standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring (LEM) was established under the Tigers Forever Program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement interventions. Patrol-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance, although, until recently, it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation community. The present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST, a computerized management information system for ranger-based data collection. The framework addresses many of the technical, practical and institutional challenges involved in the design, implementation, sustainability and evaluation of LEM. Adoption of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts, to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to tigers. When combined with independent, systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey, LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments.