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71.
目前花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量的检测是参考国标中茶叶农残的方法,花生仁基质含有大量的油脂和蛋白质,这与茶叶基质有显著区别,且该方法只能定性。本文建立了一种高效液相色谱法定量检测花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量的方法。花生仁样品采用乙腈溶液提取后再经过除脂净化处理,以乙腈:0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(加入0.1%的三乙胺,磷酸调pH3.0)体积比1:3作为流动相进行高效液相色谱紫外检测器分析。结果表明:甲咪唑烟酸标准在0~1.2mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9999),检出限为7μg/kg;加标回收率为91.1%~98.9%;精密度、重复性、稳定性都较好。该方法操作简便、分离度好、结果准确,能很好地满足花生仁中甲咪唑烟酸残留量检测的要求。 相似文献
72.
73.
株行配置对春玉米根冠空间分布及产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以先玉335为试验材料,设置7.50万株/hm2和9.75万株/hm2两个种植密度,60 cm+60 cm等行距和40 cm+80 cm宽窄行两个行距配置,比较株行配置对春玉米冠层、根系结构与功能及产量的影响。结果表明,随种植密度增加,果穗、茎鞘干重百分比垂直分布明显上移,叶片干重百分比在垂直分布变化较小,行距配置对果穗、茎鞘干重百分比在垂直分布上影响较小。相对于等行距种植,宽窄行种植叶片干重百分比有下移趋势,群体不同叶位叶面积指数也表现为同一密度下,宽窄行种植群体上层LAI较小,穗位叶高效叶层LAI较大;随密度增加,根重有纵向下移的趋势,根系TTC还原强度在不同土层深度都显著降低。同一密度下,宽窄行种植根重的垂直分布出现下移趋势,根系TTC还原强度略高于等行距种植。高密度条件下,宽窄行种植降低了玉米果穗秃尖长,显著增加果穗穗粒数,因而显著提高产量,增产2.73%~10.86%,说明在宁夏扬黄灌区较高种植密度下,采用宽窄行种植能优化不同叶层结构,适当增加深层土壤根系所占比例及活力,有利于获得高产。 相似文献
74.
75.
为了给高产、优质小麦育种和栽培提供参考依据,以50个小麦基因型为试验材料,研究不同小麦基因型间灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率的差异及其与产量性状和部分品质指标的关系。结果表明:(1)不同小麦基因型间灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率差异极显著;(2)灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率与穗粒数、千粒重和穗粒重呈负相关,相关系数(R)分别为-0.171、-0.405**和-0.369**;(3)灌浆中期旗叶黄化速率与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值的相关系数(R)分别为-0.085、-0.111和-0.045,相关不显著。 相似文献
76.
Frederic Vandeperre Ruth M. Higgins Julio Sánchez‐Meca Francesc Maynou Raquel Goñi Pablo Martín‐Sosa Angel Pérez‐Ruzafa Pedro Afonso Iacopo Bertocci Romain Crec’hriou Giovanni D’Anna Mark Dimech Carmelo Dorta Oscar Esparza Jesús M. Falcón Aitor Forcada Ivan Guala Laurence Le Direach Concepción Marcos Celia Ojeda‐Martínez Carlo Pipitone Patrick J. Schembri Vanessa Stelzenmüller Ben Stobart Ricardo S. Santos 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(4):412-426
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are often promoted as tools for biodiversity conservation as well as for fisheries management. Despite increasing evidence of their usefulness, questions remain regarding the optimal design of MPAs, in particular concerning their function as fisheries management tools, for which empirical studies are still lacking. Using 28 data sets from seven MPAs in Southern Europe, we developed a meta‐analytical approach to investigate the effects of protection on adjacent fisheries and asking how these effects are influenced by MPA size and age. Southern European MPAs showed clear effects on the surrounding fisheries, on the ‘catch per unit effort’ (CPUE) of target species, but especially on the CPUE of the marketable catch. These effects depended on the time of protection and on the size of the no‐take area. CPUE of both target species and the marketable catch increased gradually by 2–4% per year over a long time period (at least 30 years). The influence of the size of the no‐take area appeared to be more complex. The catch rates of the entire fishery in and around the MPA were higher when the no‐take areas were smaller. Conversely, catch rates of selected fisheries that were expected to benefit most from protection increased when the no‐take area was larger. Our results emphasize the importance of MPA size on its export functions and suggest that an adequate, often extended, time frame be used for the management and the evaluation of effectiveness of MPAs. 相似文献
77.
A general linear model (GLM) was used to standardize catch per unit effort (CPUE) data for Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the Bering Sea fleet for the years 1995–1999. Data were stratified temporally by year and season and spatially by area using either Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) reporting areas. Four factors were used: vessel identification (ID) number, vessel speed, percentage of pollock by weight in the haul (a measure of targeting), and whether most of the haul took place before or after sunset. At least 29 combinations of main effects, quadratic covariates, and interactions were tested for each year/area/season stratum. GLM models explained from 31 to 48% of the total sums of squares. Vessel identification number was included in all models and explained the most variability. Of the remaining factors, the square of the percentage of pollock in the haul was included in most models, following an F-test to determine parsimony. Analysis of the vessel identification number coefficients indicated that larger vessels tended to have higher CPUEs; and that this relationship differed between dedicated catcher vessels and offshore catcher processors. Coefficient estimates and response surfaces generally indicated increased CPUEs with the percentage of pollock in the haul and showed mixed results with vessel speed. The vessel identification number incorporated most vessel characteristics, leaving vessel speed primarily as a fitting variable with less biological meaning. The year/area/season stratification procedure was found to be necessary due to the unbalanced design, which otherwise would have factor levels with no data in a large combined model. In addition, the stratification procedure reduced the variability in CPUE substantially. 相似文献
78.
应用分层抽样技术估计北部湾底拖网渔业产量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统的按行政单元逐级上报的渔业产量调查方法在数据获取过程中受人为因素的干扰,而全面普查的方法受限于时间和经费,相比而言,抽样调查是一种科学合理的方法。本研究于2007年8月对北部湾底拖网产量进行了调查,以全体底拖网渔船为抽样总体,按功率段划分了抽样层次,按比例分配了抽样单元数,分别以生产渔船总数和总功率数推算总产量,并比较了这两种方法的方差。结果表明,用每kW平均产量估计总产量的变异系数为1.13%,用单船平均产量估计总产量的变异系数为14.65%。同时由于渔业抽样调查的难点在于总体船数的掌握,建议统计推断时,采用单位渔捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)推算总体渔获量。 相似文献
79.
Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is strongly related to the number of harvested kernels, where kernel number can be increased by synchronously pollinating silks rather than allowing them to be progressively pollinated as they naturally appear from the husks. However, there is scarce evidence on how this practice affects kernel weight (KW) and plant grain yield (PGY), and no report exists on its effects when combined with treatments aimed to reduce apical dominance, like male sterility and detasseling. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons (Exp1 and Exp2) using two hybrids, cropped at contrasting stand densities (3 and 9 plants per m2) and including (i) male-fertile and male-sterile versions, (ii) tasseled and detasseled plants, and (iii) natural (NP) and synchronous pollination (SP; pollen added manually to ears bagged 5 days after initial silking) systems. Tassel growth of sterile and fertile versions was also evaluated in a separate experiment (Exp3). Detasseling increased the number of ears per plant reaching silking (P < 0.001) of NP plants, but this beneficial effect of reduced apical dominance did not improve kernel number per plant (KNP) or PGY. Similarly, the early arrest of anther growth in male-sterile plants had no clear benefit on KNP. In contrast, KNP was enhanced by synchronous pollination (range between −13% and +71%; average of +15.4% in Exp1 and +3.9% in Exp2). However, this pollination system promoted a decreased in KW (range between −30% and +4%; average of −11.8% in Exp1 and −7.8 in Exp2) such that the treatment had no effect on PGY (range between −19% and +37%; average of +1% in Exp1 and −4% in Exp2). Because plant growth rate around flowering was not different between pollination treatments, assimilate availability per kernel was reduced from ovary fertilization onwards in synchronously pollinated plants when compared to open pollinated plants. This explains the reduced KW when increasing KNP by synchronous pollination. In summary, none of the imposed treatments allowed grain yield to be increased at the plant level. 相似文献
80.
Mining Applicable Elite Alleles of Growth Duration,Plant Height and Panicle Number per Plant by Conditional QTL Mapping in Japonica Rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
JIANG Jian-hua ZHAO Qi-bing LIU Qiang-ming CHEN Lan CHEN Fu-long QIAO Bao-jian HONG De-lin 《水稻科学》2011,18(3):196-203
Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two japonica rice varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao. The RIL population consisted of 254 lines was planted in two environments, Nanjing and Sihong, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that additive effects were major in all of QTLs for GD, PH and PN detected by the two methods, and the e... 相似文献