呼中林区森林景观的历史变域模拟及评价

在大兴安岭地区呼中区,将物种的年龄和分布信息进行随机化处理后,应用空间直观景观模型LANDIS对森林景观进行长时间(2500a)模拟,取物种演替稳定时间段作为模拟历史变域的数据来源。分别在景观水平和年龄类型水平上利用景观指数空间分析、主成分分析和核密度估计方法分析景观格局历史变域的模拟结果,并在二维空间坐标内,将研究区1990年、2000年森林景观特征与之比较。结果表明,各树种面积比例在模拟900a后都达到稳定状态,可作为无干扰条件下森林景观特征的历史变域;由于长期采伐,研究区1990年景观的斑块面积和破碎化程度都偏离了该历史变域,其中,过熟林偏离最明显,其斑块面积远小于历史变域,破碎化程度非常严重;虽然1990年后的采伐管理方案比之前的更为合理,但2000年的森林景观仍旧继续偏离历史变域。     

爆裂玉米"吉爆902"选育简报

简要介绍了爆裂玉米新品种“吉爆９０２”的选育经过、试验结果、主要特征特性及栽培技术要点,为正确利用该品种提供科学依据。     

南麂列岛贝藻生物的调查

本文通过实地调查研究并搜集有关资料后进行总结。结果表明:南麂列岛的贝藻种类非常丰富,共有贝类403种,藻类194种,分别占我国贝类、藻类总数的30％和20％。在保护区核心区,贝类的个体大小、种类和密度显著比其它非核心区大,说明保护区这几年的保护取得了很大的成绩。     

甜樱桃大棚安全生产栽培技术试验

甜樱桃对环境条件要求严格,冻害、裂果、鸟害等自然灾害或异常气候成为限制甜樱桃栽培区域及生产的严重障碍.甜樱桃大棚栽培有效防御了低温的危害、果实遇雨裂果及鸟害等,有效地扩大了甜樱桃的栽培区域,使生产安全.     

The role of ear environment in postharvest susceptibility of maize to toxigenic Aspergillus flavus

A kernel screening assay (KSA) was used to assess the genetic and environmental effects on the vulnerability of maize to aflatoxin accumulation. Kernels of 26 inbred lines that had been grown in seven environments, and 190 lines of the Intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population grown in one location in the United States, were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 6 days. Percent kernel colonization (PKC), sporulation and aflatoxin were influenced by the maize genotypes (G), the location (“ear environment” or E) and the GxE interactions. Overall, low broad‐sense heritabilities were observed for PKC, sporulation and aflatoxin. PKC was significantly correlated with sporulation in all environments. Aflatoxin was positively correlated with colonization for two and with sporulation for all ear environments. Higher grain sulphur or magnesium in IBM was associated with less colonization or aflatoxin. Postharvest susceptibility of maize to aflatoxin is thus influenced by factors that are modulated by the ear environment. In a KSA, sporulation could be a proxy test for aflatoxin accumulation.     

Endosperm Texture in Wheat

One of the fundamental means of classifying wheat is through its endosperm texture. It impacts significantly on the milling process affecting among other things flour particle size and milling yield. Hardness in wheat is largely controlled by genetic factors but it can be affected by the environment and factors such as moisture, lipid, and pentosan content. The principal genetic locus controlling endosperm texture in wheat, Ha, is located on the chromosome 5D. At this locus several genes, notably the puroindolines, have been identified. Puroindolines are the major components of the 15 kDa protein band associated with starch granules that is more abundant in soft wheats than in hard. Recently the puroindolines have been shown to enhance grain hardness in rice. In this review we discuss the structure of hard and soft wheat endosperm with particular emphasis on when differences in endosperm texture can be detected in the developing seed. The role of the environment and other factors that may affect the endosperm texture is also examined together with the role of the puroindoline genes at theHa locus. Finally, we compare endosperm hardness in wheat and in barley.     

莲子机械自动去芯自适应定心技术与样机试验

针对莲子在自动化去芯过程中的钻偏问题,提出了莲子自适应定心方法,该方法基于一种由曲柄滑块机构与平行四边形机构组合而成的自适应定心装置,能实现去芯钻头位置随莲子大小变化而自动调整。利用随机优化算法对机构中的连杆参数进行了优化,实现去芯钻头轴线保持与莲子轴线同轴,理论定心偏差为0.0448 mm。研制了一种自适应莲子去芯机,进行了未分级莲子的去芯试验,结果表明:自适应莲子去芯机钻正率达91.25%,远高于现有去芯设备,初步验证了自适应定心方法的有效性与实用性。研究结果为莲子优质钻芯设备设计、与莲子形状类似物料的优质钻孔设备研发提供参考。     

Microemulsion-based palm kernel oil extraction using mixed surfactant solutions

This study introduces a novel technique using surfactant microemulsion-based oil seed extraction. To achieve this objective, microemulsion formation with palm kernel oil was studied first. Then, the selected microemulsion system was used for palm kernel extraction. The results showed that the mixed surfactant of 3 wt% Comperlan KD and either 0.1 wt% Alfoterra145-5PO or 145-8PO provided an ultralow interfacial tension with the palm kernel oil (0.0197 and 0.0359 mN/m, respectively). By using those two aqueous surfactant systems for palm kernel oil extraction, the extraction efficiency was 93.99 and 94.13% at the optimum crushed kernel size between 0.212 and 0.425 mm, using 1 g seed load to 10 ml of solution and 30 min of contact time. The extracted oil quality was evaluated for water content, fatty acids composition and surfactant partitioning into oil phase. The results showed that the quality of the oil obtained using the surfactant microemulsion-based technique is of similar or better quality than when extracted by hexane solvent.     

野败型不育系水稻畸形籽粒形成原因的探讨

 野败型不育系水稻的开闭颖时间长，不闭颖率高，由不闭颖颖花发育而成的颖果由于受到阳光的直接照射，果皮的生长和胚乳细胞的分裂都受到抑制，籽粒含水量过早降低，引起早衰。这不仅使粒重降低，空瘪率增加，而且使这些颖果都长成畸形的尖头米。如给不闭颖颖花套上锡箔纸袋遮光保湿，能使颖果发育良好，米粒长出颖壳，粒重增加一倍。     

平欧杂种榛果仁发育中维生素C含量特征

以3个7a生平欧杂种榛为试材,研究榛果发育中果仁维生素C含量变化及成因。结果表明:果仁发育前期和中期,果仁中维生素C含量增加;果仁发育后期,果仁中维生素C含量下降。维生素C可促进可溶性总糖的积累,维生素C和粗脂肪以及粗蛋白质之间存在正相关关系。