Influence of felling season,drying method and within-tree location on the brinell hardness and equilibrium moisture content of wood from 27–35-year-old Betula pendula

The Brinell hardness and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were measured from thinning-aged silver birch wood. Wood material both from the trees harvested in the first commercial thinning and from trees remaining on site after the thinning was included. The average Brinell hardness was 19.40 MPa. It correlated significantly with the basic density of wood. With respect to the distance from the pith, the Brinell hardness of air-dried wood was higher than that of artificially dried wood. The average EMC of the conditioned (20°C, 65% relative humidity) wood was 12.0%. The EMC of the wood also varied, with the EMC being higher for air-dried wood than for kiln-dried wood. EMC was the highest at a distance of 30–40 mm from the pith, decreasing towards both pith and log surface. Seasonal variation in both the Brinell hardness and the EMC of the wood was found. It was presumed to be a consequence of season-dependent physiological changes in trees.     

核主成分分析方法在农业机械性能综合评价中的应用

核主成分分析(KPCA) 方法是通过非线性变换,将指标原变量空间映射到高维特征空间,并在高维特征空间中进行主成分分析的方法.为此,将该方法应用于农业机械性能综合评价的研究中,不仅实现了数据降维,而且还有效地处理了各指标的非线性影响,与其它评价方法相比较,评价结果更客观且指导性较强,取得了良好的效果.     

不同土壤类型对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)籽实镉积累特性的影响

为了在不同土壤环境下选育出低镉(Cd)积累型花生品种以提高花生品质,以‘白沙1016号’品种花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)为供试作物,棕壤和潮土为供试土壤,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了2种类型土壤对花生籽实Cd积累特性的影响。结果表明：2种类型土壤条件下的花生籽实生物量差异显著（P<0.05）;在供试土壤Cd处理范围内(≤10.0 mg/kg),籽实生物量均随2种土壤Cd处理浓度增加呈“低促高抑”现象。花生籽实对土壤Cd的生物富集系数均随2种土壤Cd处理增加呈显著降低趋势（P<0.05）,且土壤类型间差异不显著。花生籽实Cd含量和Cd生物富集量均随2种土壤Cd处理的增加而显著增加（P<0.05）,但两者在棕壤介质中均显著大于潮土（P<0.05）。土壤类型对花生籽实Cd积累差异的影响主要体现在籽实Cd含量和生物富集量方面。而土壤pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)等均是影响籽实对Cd积累差异的重要因素。     

油茶林地土壤养分特征与种仁品质性状的关系

为探明油茶林地土壤养分特征与种仁品质性状关系,以浙江省不同油茶栽培区7个试验点的‘长林’系列良种林分为对象,分析了林地土壤养分特征以及种仁含油率、脂肪酸组分和角鲨烯、维生素E、谷甾醇等活性成分含量。结果表明,浙江省不同油茶栽培区林地土壤养分特征差异较大,土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的变异系数在32.66%~142.26%之间,土壤有机质和水解性氮含量间、有效磷和速效钾含量间分别呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),有机肥和磷钾肥平衡应用是提升油茶林地土壤营养供给能力的重要措施。此外,土壤氮磷比与油茶种仁含油率、单不饱和脂肪酸含量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05),与多不饱和脂肪酸、角鲨烯含量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),土壤氮磷比是影响品质性状形成的重要因子,比值在7.60~26.92之间,有利于促进油茶产量和品质的提升。本研究可为油茶林地土壤高效营养管理提供参考。     

桃硬度与果实部分性状的相关性研究

以16个桃品种为试材,研究不同品种桃果实硬度与其果实性状之间的关系。结果表明,桃果实的果肉硬度与Vc含量呈极显著相关性,相关系数为0.72;桃果实果皮硬度与Vc含量呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.52;桃果实果肉硬度与可溶性果胶含量呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.58;不同品种桃果实的Vc含量与可溶性果胶含量呈显著相关性,相关系数为0.58。     

农田土壤含水率与坚实度快速信息采集系统

介绍了一种农田土壤含水率与坚实度快速信息采集系统.本系统包括土壤介电传感器、圆锥指数传感器及深度传感器,可以快速、同步、实时地获得0～500mm范围内土壤剖面含水率与圆锥指数信息.同时,本系统还结合了GPS和GIS技术,实现了土壤参数的空间分析,可以更方便地把系统应用于农田信息管理.本系统为实现土壤水分和坚实度的同步测量搭建了一个智能化的试验平台,并且在与德国波恩大学农业工程研究所的合作中成功地应用于田间测量.     

玉米籽粒直收中籽粒及穗轴破损形态研究

玉米籽粒直收是我国玉米收获技术的发展趋势,为了进一步降低玉米籽粒直收中籽粒破碎率,采用与沃得农业机械机有限公司联合研制的玉米稻麦联合收获机,对江苏省玉米品种"郑单958"进行籽粒直收试验,并对玉米籽粒及穗轴破损形态进行了研究分析。结果表明:玉米籽粒直收中籽粒破损形态主要为破碎籽粒、缺损籽粒及裂纹籽粒等,缺损籽粒中绝大多数为冠部缺损,有少数胚部缺损裂纹籽粒,各部位中冠部存在裂纹的比例最高,有胚的腹面存在裂纹的比例高于没有胚的背面,籽粒产生纵向裂纹大于产生横向裂纹的比例;玉米穗轴破损形态复杂,长度以2～6cm为主,断面比以1/4和1/2为主,穗轴小端完整度最大。该研究可为玉米联合收获机的进一步优化改进提供参考。     

Home range size and daytime habitat selection of leopards in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand

Leopards (Panthera pardus) are endangered in South East Asia yet little is known about which resources need to be secured for their long-term conservation or what numbers of this species this region can support. This study uses radio telemetry to investigate seasonal variation in habitat selection and home range size of Leopards in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Over a five year period, 3690 locations were recorded from nine individuals. The mean ± standard error of fixed kernel home range size for six adult females was 26 ± 8.2 km², for two adult males was 45.7 ± 14.8 and for two sub-adult females was 29 km² ± 5.5. Adult female wet and dry season home range sizes did not differ significantly. One adult male showed an increase in home range size from dry to wet seasons. Estimated density was 7 adult females/100 km², which suggests 195 adult female leopards living in Huai Kha Khaeng alone, thus highlighting the larger Western Forest Complex’s potential contribution to leopard conservation. Compositional analysis of second and third order habitat selection suggested mixed deciduous and dry evergreen forest types, flat slope and areas close to stream channels are important landscape features for leopards. These results can help formulate a much needed conservation strategy for leopards in the region.     

高赖氨酸玉米主要品质性状的配合力分析

用4个软质胚乳和4个硬质（或半硬质）胚乳的高赖氨酸玉米自交系，进行8×8完全双列杂交试验，分析了后代籽粒品质性状的遗传表现和配合力。软质胚乳亲本和硬质胚乳亲本杂交时，当代F1籽粒的胚乳硬质度表现出显著的正反交差异，以硬质亲本作母本时F1籽粒硬质度较高，但F2籽粒的硬质度无显著的正反交差异。硬×硬类型杂交后代的     

基于自适应双阈值的彩色线阵CCD小麦黑胚分割

在粮食质量等级评定中,黑胚粒存在的多少影响小麦的整体等级划分。该文以产自新疆和河南不同品种的710粒有黑胚的小麦、627粒破损小麦和1 167粒正常小麦为研究对象,采用彩色线阵CCD动态获取小麦图像,对原始图像进行多余背景去除、色偏校正、亮度变换以及形态学处理后,再对小麦图像单通道图像进行自适应双阈值分割,能有效的实现对小麦黑胚特征的分割。试验选择三种小麦进行特征提取以及模式识别,得到最佳分辨率分别为95.1%,96.0%和98.3%。结果表明该方法对小麦黑胚的识别具有良好的效果。