Obstacles to migration constrain nest distribution of Atlantic salmon

Abstract – Programmes of habitat restoration usually assume that the targeted populations will readily colonise the newly provided habitat. However, this assumption may not always hold, and the success of restoration may be impaired if the individuals are driven to aggregate in areas of the habitat already available instead of spreading to new ones. We investigated how weirs situated along a river could drive Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to aggregate their redds and tested whether aggregation intensified at low fish density. For this, we applied spatial point pattern analysis to a data set consisting on the distribution of salmon redds in a small river over 15 years (1992–2006). Within the habitat suitable for spawning, redds were significantly aggregated, especially in the first 15 morphodynamic units below weirs. Our results suggest that the constraint imposed by obstacles on redd distribution should be considered when conducting habitat restoration.     

Comparison of dietary essential amino acid requirements determined from group‐housed versus individually‐housed juvenile bluegill,Lepomis macrochirus

Two 60‐day experiments were conducted sequentially to determine (i) lysine requirement of juvenile bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus based on the dose–response method, (ii) requirements for other essential amino acids (EAAs) using whole‐body amino acid profile and (iii) whether differences in growth rates of group‐housed versus individually‐housed bluegills lead to different lysine requirement levels because of the presence and absence, respectively, of social hierarchies. Seven, semi‐purified, experimental diets (isonitrogenous, isocaloric) were prepared to contain graded levels of digestible lysine (10–31 g kg⁻¹). Experiment‐1 involved group‐housed bluegills (approximately 27 g, n = 10 fish/chamber, 4 chambers/diet) whereas experiment‐2 involved individually‐housed bluegills (approximately 30 g, n = 1 fish/chamber, 14 chambers/diet). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation. Bluegill growth responses in both experiments generally improved (P < 0.05, anova ) with increasing dietary lysine levels from 10 to 16 g kg⁻¹, and then levelled off with further increase in lysine level (P > 0.05). Optimal dietary lysine level (digestible basis) was estimated to be 15 g kg⁻¹ based on broken‐line regression analyses of relative growth rate and feed conversion ratio with no differences being observed between the two rearing methods. Determined dietary requirement levels for other EAAs ranged from 2.4 g kg⁻¹ (tryptophan) to 15.3 g kg⁻¹ (leucine).     

基于Monod模型研究森林群落的最小调查面积

对来自中国、蒙古、缅甸、南非和德国5个样地进行Monod模型分析,结果表明：①种-最小面积与气候带有关;②种-最小面积可以通过模型S″=（1＋bA）32ab为零或近似为零（1×10^-6）来确定;③最小面积和最大种数的关系可用模型Amin=a×ln（Smax）b很好地描述。     

冬季居住区不同功能绿地PM2.5浓度变化及其与气象因子的关系

以杭州市临安区林水山居为研究对象,在2017年冬季采用实地测量法对居住区内3个不同功能绿地和对照点的PM 2.5 浓度、气象因子(温度、相对湿度、风速和光照强度)进行监测,评价绿地对居住区环境降低大气PM 2.5 浓度的作用,同时探讨环境因素对PM 2.5 浓度的影响。结果表明,居住区3个不同功能绿地和对照点的PM 2.5 浓度日变化趋势基本一致,呈“单峰单谷”型;PM 2.5 浓度均值从大到小依次是道路绿地>宅旁绿地>中心绿地>对照点。居住区的PM 2.5 浓度与温度呈负相关关系(R^2=0.794 6);与相对湿度呈正相关(R^2=0.642 5);与风速呈负相关;与光照强度呈负相关,可拟合为线性方程 y=95.3-4.7x,(0.05

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