松毛虫防控技术

本文介绍了绑毒绳、胶带缠绕法和诱虫灯捕杀成虫等防控技术。     

潮汕地区林木种质资源调查与研究

根据野外调查和相关资料整理,从园林植物资源、外来木本植物资源和珍稀植物保护资源三个方面对潮汕地区林木种质资源的基本情况进行分析。结果表明:潮汕地区林木种质资源十分丰富,共有园林植物82科237属429种,其中裸子植物6科16属30种,被子植物76科221属399种。外来木本植物有558种,隶属于98科286属。珍稀濒危保护植物22种,隶属于17科18属。潮汕地区木本植物被列入《国家重点保护野生植物名录：第1批》的植物有14种。《国家重点保护野生植物名录：第2批》所收录的潮汕地区木本植物有8种。     

基于MaxEnt模型的毛红椿适生区预测

[目的]了解环境因子对毛红椿适生区分布的影响,为其资源保护、引种及其人工林的发展提供参考。[方法]基于MaxEnt模型能利用现存不完整、小样本、离散型分布数据构建物种适生区预测模型,用受试者工作曲线线下面积(AUC)检验预测模型的精度,面积越大精度越高等优点,本研究应用毛红椿在云南的分布数据及1个地型因子和6个气候因子,来构建其适生区分布模型。[结果]毛红椿适生区分布MaxEnt模型平均训练AUC和平均测试AUC分别为0.891、0.885,说明对毛红椿适生区的预测是可靠的;降水量变异系数和最干季度降水量是决定毛红椿适生区分布的主要因子,年均气温变化范围、最冷季度平均气温、最湿季度降水量、最冷季度降水量是次要因子。在当代和未来(2050S、2070S)气候变暖条件下(RCP2.6情景),云南省和全国适生区面积计算结果直观、定量的反应了全球变暖对毛红椿适生区变迁的影响。[结论]预测云南省及全国的毛红椿适生区随全球变暖而小幅萎缩。     

Effects of management regime on the abundance and nest survival of shrubland birds in wildlife openings in northern New England, USA

Many shrubland bird species are declining in eastern North America and as a result forest managers have used a variety of techniques to provide breeding habitat for these species. The maintenance of permanent “wildlife openings” using prescribed burns or mechanical treatments is a widely used approach for providing habitat for these species, but there have been no studies of the effects of treatment regime on bird abundance and nest survival in managed wildlife openings. We studied shrubland birds in wildlife openings on the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF) in New Hampshire and Maine, USA, during 2003 and 2004. We analyzed bird abundance and nest survival in relation to treatment type (burned versus mowed), treatment frequency, time since treatment, and patch area. We found that wildlife openings provided habitat for shrubland birds that are not present in mature forest. There was relatively modest support for models of focal bird species abundance as a function of treatment regime variables, despite pronounced effects of treatment on habitat conditions. This probably was attributable to the combined effects of complex site histories and bird site fidelity. Overall nest success (52%) was comparable to other types of early-successional habitats in the region, but there were few supported relationships between nest survival and treatment variables. We conclude that wildlife openings provide quality habitat for shrubland birds of high conservation interest as long as managers ensure treatment intervals are long enough to permit the development of woody vegetation characteristic of the later stages of this sere. Also, wildlife openings should be large enough to accommodate the territory sizes of all target species, which was ≥1.2 ha in this study.     

Species differences in total and vertical distribution of branch- and tree-level leaf area for the five primary conifer species in Maine, USA

Vertical distribution of leaf area largely governs both tree structure and function. Models of this important tree attribute have been constructed for several commercially important conifers. However, a limited number of studies have compared alternative modeling techniques and inherent species differences. This study used several existing datasets for the five primary conifer species in Maine, namely balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.], northern white-cedar [Thuja occidentalis (L.)], eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.], eastern white pine [Pinus strobus (L.)], and red spruce [Picea rubens (Sarg.)] to examine species variation in total and vertical distribution of projected leaf area at the individual branch- and tree-levels. In addition, multiple methods for modeling the vertical distribution of leaf area were examined across the species. For a given branch diameter and location within the crown, eastern hemlock branches held the greatest amount of leaf area, followed by balsam fir, northern white-cedar, white pine, and red spruce. At the tree-level, eastern white pine held the greatest amount of leaf area followed by eastern hemlock, balsam fir, red spruce, and northern white-cedar for a given tree size. Across species, the two-parameter, right-truncated Weibull distribution performed the best for predicting vertical distribution of leaf area when compared to the four-parameter beta and Johnson's S_B distributions (reduction of root mean square error of 1.7–21.1%). Northern white-cedar had a relative distribution of leaf area distinctly different than other species in this study with a mode shifted towards the upper crown. In contrast to red spruce and white pine, the mode of the relative distribution of leaf area for balsam fir and eastern hemlock occurred lower in the crown. Results of this study suggest that differences in total and vertical distribution of leaf area exist between species, but significant amounts of their variation are largely accounted for by bole and crown size.     

安徽"丫山花海石林"旅游区门景区的规划设计

根据"突出主题、服务游客"的原则对安徽"丫山花海石林"旅游区门景区进行了规划设计探索。在分析旅游区现状特色的基础上,提出了门景区的功能定位,规划设计应遵循的原则,主要景点建设规划,以及旅游设施建设与项目设置规划。并根据各个景点与设施的特点,对植被景观规划与植物配置做了详细规划。     

半干热石质山地墨西哥柏伴生树种选择研究

在云南省开远市浑水塘试验地设置了35个20 m×20 m的标准地,对标准地内4 a生的主要造林树种墨西哥柏及4个供选伴生树种（羽叶山黄麻、新银合欢、直干桉、赤桉）地径、树高、胸径、冠幅分别进行测量,选择平均木,对平均木生物量、生长量进行测定.经数据分析后认为,新银合欢生长速度慢于墨西哥柏且枝少叶疏,适宜作为墨西哥柏的伴生树种,羽叶山黄麻冠幅虽大,但枝叶稀疏,可作为墨西哥柏的次适宜伴生树种.     

几种荒漠植物叶面积与叶干质量关系的研究

采用扫描图像与Photoshop图像处理软件结合的方法研究柽柳、柠条、红砂和珍珠的叶片投影面积与叶干质量之间的关系,结果表明：柽柳、柠条和红砂叶投影面积与叶干质量呈线性相关;红砂、柽柳、柠条在生长季单位叶面积所积累的叶干质量分别为（0．0840±0．0031）、（0．0610±0．0011）、（0．0366±0．0007）g/cm2,红砂和柽柳分别是柠条的2．30和1．67倍;珍珠的叶片是多浆汁叶,形状极不规则,不能利用日前的扫描仪计算出它的投影面积;柽柳在不同环境下生长时的叶片投影面积与叶干质量的关系均为线性相关且差异不显著,表明这种线形关系不受生长环境的影响。因此,可以用叶干质量代替叶面积来研究这些荒漠植物的光合作用特性。     

沂蒙山林区不同植物群落下土壤颗粒分形特征

运用土壤物理学和分形学原理与方法,研究了沂蒙山林区7种植物群落下的土壤颗粒组成与分形特征。结果表明:1)研究区土壤颗粒组成具有石质山地典型粗骨土的结构特征,各种植物群落的土壤中以粗砂粒含量最高,细砂粒含量次之,而石砾含量和粉黏粒含量较低;2)防护林群落具有显著地改善土壤颗粒组成和提高土壤颗粒分形维数的作用,其作用程度为针阔叶(赤松+麻栎)混交林依次高于阔叶林(刺槐纯林、麻栎纯林)和针叶林(赤松纯林);3)土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤中粉黏粒(粉粒及黏粒)含量呈极显著正相关,与细砂粒和粗砂粒含量呈显著的负相关,而与石砾含量的相关性不显著。研究成果可为沂蒙山区水土保持植被类型的合理选择与配置提供参考。     

帽儿山林场樟子松人工林光辐射分布的研究

以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场老山施业区内的樟子松人工林为研究对象,运用WinSCANOPY2006a冠层分析仪采集数据,并结合实地调查,实测5种林龄的樟子松人工林群落内光辐射特征及冠层参数。结果表明：立地条件基本一致的情况下,樟子松人工林内光辐射随林龄增大呈下降趋势,变化范围为8．8－12．32mol·m^-2·d^-1,平均占冠层顶部总辐射的21．21％。对光的吸收能力逐渐增强且树龄为30a以后趋于稳定。林分开阔度的变化范围为10．78％～21．66％,不同林龄群落之间差异显著,随林龄增大而下降。叶面积指数变化范围为2．29～3．47,不同林龄群落之间差异不显著。消光系数（＆）的变化范围为0．47～0．63,消光能力随林龄增大而增强,冠层结构随林龄的变化对消光能力的变化有一定得影响．