鬼臼毒素类生物活性物质的研究概况

对鬼臼毒素类物质的资源、药理、毒理及杀虫作用等研究领域的现状作了简要叙述 ,讨论了进一步研究这一类化合物的重要意义 ,特别是借鉴药理学研究结果进行毒理学研究 ,可能会加速该类化合物杀虫活性的研究和开发。     

An analogue of piperonyl butoxide facilitates the characterisation of metabolic resistance

BACKGROUND: Previous work has demonstrated that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) not only inhibits microsomal oxidases but also resistance‐associated esterases. The ability to inhibit both major metabolic resistance enzymes makes it an ideal synergist to enhance xenobiotics but negates the ability to differentiate which enzyme group is responsible for conferring resistance. RESULTS: This study examines an analogue that retains the ability to inhibit esterases but is restricted in its ability to act on microsomal oxidases, thus allowing an informed decision on resistance enzymes to be made when used in conjunction with the parent molecule. CONCLUSION: Using examples of resistant insects with well‐characterised resistance mechanisms, a combination of PBO and analogue allows identification of the metabolic mechanism responsible for conferring resistance. The relative potency of PBO as both an esterase inhibitor and an oxidase inhibitor is also discussed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

土壤中苯系物的顶空气相色谱-质谱联用测定方法研究

苯系物是有机化学品泄漏事故中导致土壤污染的主要污染物之一,但我国目前还没建立土壤中苯系物的标准监测方法。采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)研究了模拟污染土壤中苯系物的测定方法,优化了顶空作为土壤中苯系物预处理方法的参数,分析了顶空GC-MS测定的精密度、回收率、检出限和定量限等质量控制参数。结果表明,基质修正液加入量2mL、顶空平衡温度70℃和顶空平衡时间10min为最佳的顶空方法参数;在11～550μg·kg-1的质量浓度范围内,苯系物各组分的浓度与选择离子峰面积线性相关系数均大于0.99。采用该方法测定土壤中苯系物的平均加标回收率为89.77%～98.64%,相对标准偏差为0.72%～4.64%(n=5);苯系物的检出限(S/N=3)为0.01～0.21μg·kg-1,定量限(S/N=10)为0.03～0.71μg·kg-1。     

Design,Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tasiamide Analogues as Tumor Inhibitors

Eighteen analogues of the marine cytotoxic linear peptide tasiamide were designed, synthesized and screened for their inhibitory activities against the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (KB) and human non-small cell lung tumor (A549) cell lines. The results indicated that minor modifications of the C-terminuswith aromatic groups were tolerated, with the IC₅₀ values between 1.29 and 12.88 μM against these two cancer cell lines. Truncation, minor modifications at the N-terminus or elimination of the N-methyl groups in N-Me-d-Gln and/or N-Me-d-Phe residues resulted in inactive analogues.     

Design and Synthesis of Analogues of Marine Natural Product Galaxamide,an N-methylated Cyclic Pentapeptide,as Potential Anti-Tumor Agent in Vitro

Herein, we report design and synthesis of novel 26 galaxamide analogues with N-methylated cyclo-pentapeptide, and their in vitro anti-tumor activity towards the panel of human tumor cell line, such as, A549, A549/DPP, HepG2 and SMMC-7721 using MTT assay. We have also investigated the effect of galaxamide and its representative analogues on growth, cell-cycle phases, and induction of apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells in vitro. Reckon with the significance of conformational space and N-Me aminoacid (aa) comprising this compound template, we designed the analogues with modification in N-Me-aa position, change in aa configuration from l to d aa and substitute one Leu-aa to d/l Phe-aa residue with respective to the parent structure. The efficient solid phase parallel synthesis approach is employed for the linear pentapeptide residue containing N-Me aa, followed by solution phase macrocyclisation to afford target cyclo pentapeptide compounds. In the present study, all galaxamide analogues exhibited growth inhibition in A549, A549/DPP, SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell lines. Compounds 6, 18, and 22 exhibited interesting activities towards all cell line tested, while Compounds 1, 4, 15, and 22 showed strong activity towards SMMC-7221 cell line in the range of 1–2 μg/mL IC₅₀. Flow cytometry experiment revealed that galaxamide analogues namely Compounds 6, 18, and 22 induced concentration dependent SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis after 48 h. These compounds induced G0/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest and morphological changes indicating induction of apoptosis. Thus, findings of our study suggest that the galaxamide and its analogues 6, 18 and 22 exerted growth inhibitory effect on SMMC-7721 cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptosis. Compound 1 showed promising anti-tumor activity towards SMMC-7721 cancer cell line, which is 9 and 10 fold higher than galaxamide and reference DPP (cisplatin), respectively.     

Synthesis and Anti-Tuberculosis Activity of the Marine Natural Product Caulerpin and Its Analogues

Caulerpin (1a), a bis-indole alkaloid from the marine algal Caulerpa sp., was synthesized in three reaction steps with an overall yield of 11%. The caulerpin analogues (1b–1g) were prepared using the same synthetic pathway with overall yields between 3% and 8%. The key reaction involved a radical oxidative aromatic substitution involving xanthate (3) and 3-formylindole compounds (4a–4g). All bis-indole compounds synthesized were evaluated against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv, and 1a was found to display excellent activity (IC₅₀ 0.24 µM).