木工平刨床安全事故浅析

以木工平刨伤手为顶上事件,利用事故树法进行评价,提出有针对性的预防措施,对安全生产可起到积极的作用。     

Evaluation of pea proteins and poultry protein as fish meal alternatives in the diets for juvenile black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegelii

The potential of three different protein resources (pea protein isolate, PPI; pea protein concentrate, PPC; enzyme treated poultry protein, ETPP) as fish meal (FM) alternative protein in diets for juvenile black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. (initial average weight 7.90 ± 0.13 g) was evaluated. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace FM at 0% (T0, control diet), 8% (designated as T1‐T3) and 16% (designated as T4‐T6) using PPI, PPC and ETPP respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 juvenile fish for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, survival rate was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Growth performance in T6 (16% ETPP) group was significantly inferior to T0 group, however, weight gain and specific growth rate in other treatments showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Mean feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were also poorer in fish fed in T6 than those of fish fed with the control diet respectively. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude protein for fish fed ETPP diets were significant lower than those of fish fed with the control diet, whereas ADCs of lipid were unaffected by dietary treatments. ADC's of dietary Leu, Ile, His and Lys was also significantly influenced. There were no marked variations in proximate compositions of dorsal muscle. With regard to plasma characteristics, significant difference was observed in triacylglycerol content. Ammonia concentration in plasma tended to increase in alternative protein diets as substitution level increased. There were significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase activities among groups, but alanine aminotransferase levels were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PPI and PPC were potential protein sources for using in juvenile black sea bream diet. However, the substitution level of FM by ETPP should be limited within 16%.     

充分发挥图书馆服务功能预防青少年犯罪

近年来,我国青少年犯罪呈上升趋势,成为社会各界关注的焦点问题。图书馆的组织者、管理人员应针对青少年犯罪的重点群体采取相应的有效措施,强化图书馆服务职能、优化图书馆环境,在预防青少年犯罪方面作出新贡献。     

浅议市级图书馆服务少年儿童读者

结合市级图书馆的实际和少年儿童读者的特点,就市级图书馆为少年儿童读者服务的问题进行阐述,指明了素质教育背景下市级图书馆儿童读者工作的重要性及发展方向。     

真菌对泡桐木材化学成分及其结构的影响

为弄清真菌对变色泡桐木材成分与结构的影响,更加有效防治泡桐木材变色,该文对真菌引起的变色泡桐木材成分含量及其结构进行了研究. 通过对变色前后泡桐木材化学成分分析及红外谱图(FTIR)和光电子能谱(ESCA)分析,发现热水抽提物由5.01％增加到5.87％,冷水抽提物由2.10％增加到3.47％,1%NaOH抽提物由18.19％增加到20.48％,木质素基本未变,综纤维素由77.60％变为76.10％,其中综纤维素中α纤维素基本未变,而戊聚糖由26.13％减小至22.75％,半纤维素含量降低.FTIR表明,与正常材相比,变色泡桐木材的与羰基CO振动相关的红外吸收谱峰1 744、1 734 cm-1有些减弱,即具有羧基的半纤维素和少量纤维素发生变化;变色木材的木质素特征吸收谱峰1 508、1 270、1 266 cm-1（G型）相对比较稳定,即木质素变化不大;变色木材的具有多糖类特征吸收谱峰1 200、1 153、1 112 cm-1相对减弱,即在变色菌作用下,半纤维素发生较多的降解反应. ESCA分析结果为:正常材C1s峰面积为68.91%,变色材增加为73.92%,变色前后木材中C1含量变化较小（15.11%～15.02%）,C2与C3显著减少（15.98%～11.06%）, 与正常材相比,变色泡桐木材O1s/C1s的比值下降,与FTIR和化学成分定量分析结果一致.      

10年生黑杨派无性系材性径向遗传变异分析与综合评价

目的 研究黑杨派无性系材性性状遗传变异,并进行综合评价,为其工业用材林定向培育和木材利用提供理论依据。 方法 对河南省焦作8个黑杨派无性系试验林选取10年生样木（每个无性系5株）进行材性性状（解剖特性、物理性能、化学组成）测定,对18个材性性状进行遗传变异分析和遗传参数估算,并采用主成分分析法对无性系进行综合评价。 结果 除半纤维素外,其他17个材性性状在不同无性系间均差异极显著。18个材性性状的无性系重复力为0.49～0.93,其中,全干密度、基本密度、综纤维素、径向-细胞直径和径向-细胞腔径的重复力达0.8以上。无性系材性性状表型变异系数均大于遗传变异系数,经主成分分析评选出中林46杨为主成分综合分值最高的无性系。 结论 8个黑杨派无性系在18个材性性状上差异显著,并受较强的遗传控制,具备遗传改良的条件。无性系重复力存在径向差异,随着年轮的增大,物理性能变化幅度最小,全干密度和基本密度相对稳定。     

浅谈人造薄木生产中单板的漂白

详细阐述了木材颜色的成因及漂白机理，重点介绍了人造薄木生产过程中单板漂白工艺。研究表明，经漂白处理的单板，颜色明显变浅，色调也比较均匀，而且还消除了板面污染，对单板的染色十分有利。     

森林认证与中国木材产品市场

森林认证作为促进森林可持续经营的一种市场机制已经在世界范围内广泛开展 ,特别是欧洲和北美国家的消费者普遍要求在市场上销售的木材产品应贴有经过认证的标签 ,以证明他们所购买的木材产品源自可持续经营的森林。因此 ,中国的森林经营认证和林产品的产销监管链认证 (绿色标签 )对于促进森林的可持续经营 ,稳定企业现有产品市场份额 ,进入新市场具有重要意义。     

出材量(率)调查方法的试验研究

通过2003年在小陇山林业实验局沙坝种子园人工商品林抚育采伐试点中的具体试验研究，较好地解决了在人工商品林抚育采伐中不伐树的情况下制定精度较高的出材量(率)量表用于估算出材量（率）这一难题，可供今后我省制定类似林业数表参考。     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Composites

There are many advantages of bended wood,such as good-looking shape,simple process and low cost.The product,however,is easy to get recovery,which is urgent to be dealt with.This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability.Compared to bended solid wood,some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented.The purpose of this paper is to suggest:1)to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation,according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius;2)to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation,dynamic viscoelasticity and crystal1ization field;3)to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions.It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.