黄麻／棉织物服用性能探讨

本文通过试验测定了黄麻／棉织物的服用性能，并与苎麻／棉，涤／棉，纯棉等织物的服用性能进行比较，结论表明黄麻／棉织物作为服用织物是可行的。     

Soil Quality Changes Resulting from Long-Term Fertilizer Application Under Intensive Cropping System in Alluvial Soils

Soil quality is one of the most important factors which reveal the soil–environment functionality for identifying whether soil quality is improving, remain constant, or declining. This paper evaluated change in soil quality after 40 years of chemical fertilizer use and continuous cultivation of multiple crops (jute–rice–wheat) on alluvial soils. The concepts of relative soil quality index (RSQI) and Cumulative Rating Index (CRI) were used in the evaluation. It was observed that soil of class III reduced to class II after 20 years and to class I after 40 years of fertilizer application with manure, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK_100+FYM). There was a strong correlation between SQI and CRI (r = 0.82**) which showed more promising effects on soil sustainability. Significant positive relationship between ?RSQI and crop yield of jute (r = 0.89**) and wheat (r = 0.90**) was found. However, rice yield declined up to 44% of its initial yield (r = 0.20).     

Changes in amount of organic and inorganic fractions of nitrogen in an Eutrochrept soil after long‐term cropping with different fertilizer and organic manure inputs

The influence of 30 years of cropping with different fertilizer and farmyard manure (FYM) inputs on the contents and depth distribution of organic C, total N (N_t), soil mineralizable N, and organic and inorganic N fractions was investigated in an Eutrochrept. Continuous application of 100 %NPK(+S), 150 %NPK(+S), and 100 %NPK(+S)+FYM led to a marked increase in organic C, total N, hydrolyzable N (viz., amino acid N, hydrolyzable NH₄‐N, hexose amine N, and unidentified hydrolyzable N), and nonhydrolyzable N as compared to an adjacent fallow. The contents of the various organic N fractions were largest in surface soil and thereafter decreased with the depth. However, at 30 – 45 cm depth the content of organic C was not affected by the different treatments except 100 %NPK(+S)+FYM. On the other hand, continuous cropping without fertilization resulted in a depletion of total hydrolyzable N in control over fallow by 27.2 % (0–15 cm), 19.6 % (15–30 cm), and 4.7 % (30–45 cm). The incorporation of FYM with 100 %NPK(+S) resulted in greater contents of soil mineralizable N as compared to 100 %NPK(+S) (0–15, 15–30 cm). The proportion of hydrolyzable N (57–76 % of N_t) decreased and that of nonhydrolyzable N (22–40 % of N_t) increased with depth. The proportion of amino acid N (19–26 % of N_t), hexose amine N (2.1–3.5 % of N_t) and unidentified hydrolyzable N (17–27 % of N_t) decreased with depth. All organic soil N fractions including even nonhydrolyzable N in surface and subsurface soils were highly significantly correlated with soil mineralizable N derived from incubations under waterlogged and aerobic conditions. The best correlation to mineralizable N was found for amino acid N and the least significant correlation for nonhydrolyzable N.     

黄麻染色体组型研究

本文比较研究了圆果黄麻“粤圆5号”和长果黄麻“翠绿”的染色体组型。结果是:圆果黄麻和长果黄麻的染色体组型均为 K(2n)=14=12M+2M~(sat),即其染色体均属于中部着丝粒染色体。前者的第5对染色体为随体染色体,后者的第6对染色体为随体染色体。     

长果种黄麻SRAP标记遗传连锁图谱的构建 及3个质量性状基因定位

 【目的】构建黄麻遗传连锁图谱,定位质量性状基因,为今后有关黄麻基因组结构、重要农艺性状QTL定位、分子标记辅助育种和基因克隆等研究工作奠定基础。【方法】以甜麻（黄麻野生种）和宽叶长果（黄麻栽培品种）为杂交亲本,构建了187个F2单株作为作图群体,利用513对SRAP引物进行遗传图谱构建,并对3个质量性状基因（托叶色、叶柄色、叶缘色）进行了定位。【结果】122个SRAP多态性标记位点和这3个形态学标记被定位在该图谱上,初步构建的长果种黄麻遗传连锁图谱全长2 231.9 cM,包含10个连锁群,每个连锁群有2—38个标记位点,2个标记间平均间距为17.86 cM。【结论】该图谱上的标记位点均匀分布在10个连锁群上,没有出现标记位点聚集的现象,表明SRAP标记十分适合黄麻遗传图谱的构建。     

稻草、黄麻纤维、棕榈叶的吸水性和腐解速率研究

 由于地表覆盖物吸水特性直接影响径流产生过程,而其腐解特性又关系到地表覆盖物保水保土作用的持久性,因此本试验研究了在相同条件下稻草、黄麻纤维和棕榈叶分别在5min,10min,30min和1h,6h,12h,24h内的吸水性差异以及100d内的腐解情况。结果表明：在浸泡5min和10min时,吸水量为黄麻纤维 ＞稻草＞棕榈叶,而从30min～24h期间,则为稻草＞黄麻纤维＞棕榈叶。3种材料的吸水速率在5min时最大,以后不断减小,且在24h内未达到吸水饱和;在腐解100d内,黄麻纤维腐解残留率最小,稻草最大,棕榈叶居中,三者都是前40d腐解较快,黄麻纤维和棕榈叶在后期腐解趋于平缓,而稻草则在后期腐解速率有增快趋势;腐解过程中3种材料的土壤含水量、温度变化大部分情况差异不显著;C/N比都逐渐减小,后期基本趋于稳定。     

慈竹竹原纤维与黄麻纤维红外及二维相关光谱分析

以慈竹竹原纤维和黄麻纤维为对象,采用红外光谱法和二维相关红外光谱分析技术,对2种纤维及其化学处理后的单根纤维进行研究。结果表明:慈竹竹原纤维和黄麻纤维的一维红外光谱主要区别于1736cm-1处的CO伸缩振动和木质素苯环特征吸收峰;二者经双氧水-冰醋酸处理后,黄麻单根纤维在1736cm-1附近仍存在明显的吸收峰。在高分辨的二维同步相关谱中,慈竹竹原纤维和黄麻纤维特征差异更为明显,慈竹竹原纤维在1000～1250cm-1范围内有8个自动峰,1008cm-1处强度最大;黄麻纤维有7个自动峰,1217cm-1处强度最大;同时在1435～1750cm-1范围内,黄麻纤维在1726cm-1(C=O伸缩振动)处出现较强的自动峰,而慈竹竹原纤维光谱中没有。各区域内自动峰均为正相关。与化学处理前纤维谱图相比,二者单根纤维的二维相关红外光谱发生了改变,表明纤维成分对其热微扰过程中的变化有一定影响。初步研究表明:二维相关红外光谱为竹原纤维的识别提供了更为丰富的信息,可作为竹原纤维识别的一种新方法。     

黄麻双生病毒CoYVV的分子鉴定和抗性种质筛选

越南黄麻黄脉病毒(Corchorus yellow vein Vietnam virus, CoYVV)是影响黄麻纤维品质和产量的双生病毒,其基因组含2个环状单链DNA(DNA-A和DNA-B)。鉴定黄麻双生病毒CoYVV并筛选抗病毒种质,不仅丰富对双生病毒分布和进化的认识,而且为黄麻抗性基因克隆奠定了基础。2018年福建省三明市福建农林大学洋中科教基地发现黄麻种质资源圃长果种黄麻福农5号疑似感染黄色花叶病。利用CTAB法提取该品种感病叶片DNA,通过PCR、滚环扩增及测序技术获得病毒基因组序列。通过同源序列比对和进化树构建明确该病毒与新旧世界双生病毒的关系。含有CoYVV DNA-A和CoYVV DNA-B侵染性克隆载体的农杆菌等比例混合,子叶注射法侵染具有代表性的7份长果种和7份圆果种黄麻品种(系),定期观察发病株数(病株率)并PCR检测接种黄麻的侵染率。PCR检测结果证实,福农5号病样感染了CoYVV,命名为CoYVV-FS。其DNA-A为2724 bp, DNA-B为2691 bp。进化分析表明,相较于旧世界菜豆金黄花叶病毒(begomoviruses), CoYVV-FS与新...     

中国黄麻炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

炭疽病是严重影响黄麻纤维产量和品质的主要真菌性病害,明确炭疽病病原菌种类并测定其致病力有助于黄麻抗病育种和优异抗病基因资源挖掘。本研究从福建省福州市、福建省漳州市、河南省信阳市、安徽省六安市、浙江省杭州市、广西省南宁市和湖南省长沙市等7个黄麻生产区采集黄麻炭疽病病原菌样本,分离纯化出92个菌株;rDNA-ITS区域的序列分析表明,其中11个为典型炭疽病病原菌。LSU区域的系统进化树和形态学特征鉴定显示,ZZ4、GX19等10个菌株为胶胞炭疽菌(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides),菌株CS3为黑线炭疽菌(Colletotrichum dematium)。人工接种的致病力测定表明,不同炭疽菌菌株致病力存在显著差异,其中胶胞炭疽菌菌株GX19致病力最强,表现为优势菌株。这些结果为黄麻炭疽病抗性基因位点挖掘和有效防治奠定了基础。     

Genetic linkage map construction for white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) using SRAP,ISSR and RAPD markers

White jute (Corchorus capsularis) and dark jute (Corchorus olitorius) are two important cultivated crops that are used for natural fibre production. Some genetic maps have been developed for dark jute, but the genetic map information for white jute (C. capsularis) is limited. In this study, a linkage map comprising 44 sequence‐related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs), 57 intersimple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and 18 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) covering 2185.7 cM with a mean density of 18.7 cM per locus was constructed in an F₂ population consisting of 185 individuals derived from a cross between two diverse genotypes of ‘Xinxuan No. 1’ and ‘Qiongyueqing’ in white jute. These markers were evenly distributed in the linkage groups without any clustering. This genetic linkage map construction will facilitate the mapping of agronomic traits and marker‐assisted selection breeding in white jute.