黄麻红麻生物质高效利用与区域发展产业带建设

本文从黄麻红麻生物质高效利用与区域发展产业带建设的战略高度，综述了国内外黄麻、红麻纤维与生物质高效利用的系列最新研究成果，分析了现阶段已研发成果的产业化前景与国内外市场需求，提出了利用黄红麻作为生物质能源、纸浆、绒毛浆、纺织面料、轻型建材、友好吸附型材料、麻塑、麻地膜、食用保健油及CLA医疗保健品产业化与区域发展的战略思考，对促进我国黄红麻的右展、撂高我国昔麻红麻核心童每力有重要的理论与现实意义．     

恢复黄麻生产 开发黄麻新产品

黄麻在我国具有近千年种植历史，尽管作为传统包装材料使用正居于次要地位，但由于黄麻纤维具有优质、可降解特性，我国麻纺科技人员及企业正在开发新产品，如高支黄麻纱、布；黄麻／棉、黄麻／化纤、黄麻／羊毛、黄麻／丝等混纺高档产品，以及汽车、装饰等产业用品。许多企业正呼吁恢复我国黄麻种植，以减少对孟加拉进口黄麻的依赖。     

豫南地区黄麻主要病害的发生及防治方法

植物病害是影响农作物产量的重要原因之一,为确保黄麻高产稳产,提高品质的目的,我们针对豫南地区黄麻种植中发生的主要病害进行了较系统的调查、观察,总结防治经验,提出了合理的防治方法,供麻农生产上应用,以期待为黄麻生产的发展提供防病依据。     

不同黄麻品种对重金属污染农田镉的富集和转移效率研究

为研究黄麻(Corchorus capsularis L.)植株对重金属污染农田中Cd的富集和转移效率,以湖南省株洲县为试验区,研究3个黄麻品种6个植株器官的干物质积累、Cd富集和转移特征。结果表明:木质部和韧皮部是黄麻植株干物质积累的主要器官;不同品种的黄麻及其器官间的Cd含量均呈显著差异,3个品种中连红黄麻各器官的Cd含量均高于闽侯红皮和黄麻179。6个植株器官中,蒴果和叶柄的Cd含量显著高于其他器官,平均值分别为4.75 mg·kg~(-1)和4.27 mg·kg~(-1),其他器官Cd含量均值从高到低依次为叶片根部木质部韧皮部;地上部器官间Cd转移效率研究表明,3个品种地上部的Cd转移系数均在1以上。Cd从木质部和韧皮部到叶柄和蒴果的转移能力较强,从根部到木质部和韧皮部、从叶柄到叶片的转移能力较弱。对黄麻Cd总富集量评估表明,连红黄麻的总富集量最高,每公顷可富集53.3 g的Cd,木质部占总富集量的33.11%～42.99%。研究表明,黄麻对中度Cd污染农田中的Cd有较高的富集和转移能力,可作为植物修复材料加以利用。     

Characterisation of agro-morphological traits of corchorus accessions

The genus Corchorus includes nutrient-rich indigenous leafy vegetables often grown or harvested in the wild in Africa. It has potential to contribute to food security, but there is need to improve it as a crop through plant breeding. However, not much is known about the genetic variability among Corchorus species. The aim of this study was thus to characterise the available germplasm of Corchorus accessions and investigate heritability of their agro-morphological traits. Eleven Corchorus accessions (4 South African and 7 from the World Vegetable Center) were evaluated in a field study at Roodeplaat, South Africa, for their morpho-agronomic traits using a randomised complete block design with three replications across two seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). Data were subjected to ANOVA, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Broad sense heritability, genetic advance, genetic parameters and correlations were determined among the accessions and traits. The Corchorus accessions showed significant (P < .05) differences in all the quantitative traits evaluated. The data showed significant variability among the studied Corchorus accessions in their agro-morphological traits for exploitation in future breeding programmes that in turn can contribute to the improvement of this crop.     

黄麻应用核心种质的DNA分子身份证构建

构建并研究黄麻应用核心种质是促进黄麻遗传育种和挖掘优异基因的必要途径。在300份黄麻种质资源的农艺性状观察统计基础上,构建了黄麻应用核心种质,包含61份品种(系),可划分为高产、优质、抗病等16种应用类型。为准确鉴定这61份应用核心种质,以46对核心引物为基础,筛选出12对荧光核心引物,采用荧光标记毛细管电泳分析这12对引物的多态性,共检测出140个多态性位点。将毛细管电泳得到的分子量数据以数字+英文字母方式编码,选取了12对荧光核心引物的组合,构建出该应用核心种质的字符串DNA分子身份证,进而构建了相应的条形码和二维码DNA分子身份证,可迅速被电子设备识别。这些结果可促进黄麻种质资源的高效利用及快速分子鉴定。     

黄麻与棉转杯混纺纱的纺制

本文对黄麻／棉混纺纱的生产工艺作了初步的探索，利用经过脱胶后的精细化黄麻纤维，通过对纺纱加工工艺与设备的选择、调整，纺制成了黄麻／棉55／45的转杯混纺纱.结果表明，黄麻纤维在脱胶精细化处理后，是可以加工成应用领域更广泛的产品的.     

黄麻种间杂种F_4的产量和纤维品质及抗病性测定

以圆果种ＲＲ－５（ＣｏｒｃｈｏｒｕｓｃａｐｓｕｌａｒｉｓＬ．）作母本，长果种（ＢＬ／７７－１９）Ｆ－１（Ｃ．ｏｌｉｔｏｒｉｕｓＬ．）作父本的种间杂种Ｆ＿４的６种类型为材料，作了产量、纤维品质和抗病性测定。结果表明，不同类型的表现不同。其中３种类型的麻皮产量、株高显著超过双亲；２种类型具有高度抗病性；以及全部类型的纤维强度都超过双亲。作者认为，通过圆果种／长果种的种间杂交能够获得高产、优质及高抗的材料，特别在纤维强度方面可能取得突破。     

Leaf and seed yield of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) accessions under field conditions for two consecutive growing seasons

Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable used by many people in Africa. The purpose of this study was to select accessions with high leaf yield and seed yield. We investigated seven agronomic traits that are related to leaf yield and seed yield and how they correlate with each other. The results indicated significant differences among the accessions in all traits. Leaf fresh weight ranged from 18.3 to 121.3 g/plant in accessions TOT 6747 and TOT 8532, respectively. The highest variability between the accessions was also observed in seed yield. It ranged from 1.0 g/plant in accession TOT 7980 to 35.5 g/plant in TOT 7866. Eight other accessions had a seed yield of 1.0 g/plant. Significant and positive correlations were observed between leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight (r = 0.84), leaf area (r = 0.33), and number of leaves (r = 0.40). A significant correlation was observed in seed yield and weight of pods per plant (r = 0.83). The evaluation of these agronomic traits for leaf and seed yield in this germplasm has revealed useful information for breeders in their efforts to improve the yield as well as selection of accessions with good agronomic traits.     

黄麻核心种质的遴选

遴选黄麻核心种质可为黄麻种质创新及新品种选育奠定基础。本研究以300份黄麻种质资源为基础,基于SSR分子标记和农艺性状考察,结合地理来源构建核心种质。结果表明,11个农艺性状变异系数变幅在13.06%～84.87%,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。按农艺性状聚类分析可划分为8个类群,按分子标记聚类可划分为10个类群。结合2个聚类分析、地理位置并按比例取样,建立一个由108份品种(系)组成的预选核心种质。采用44对SSR引物对其进行遗传差异分析,在遗传相似系数为0.65时,可把108份品种(系)分成圆果种和长果种两大类。根据遗传差异分析,剔除遗传相似系数大于或等于0.85的遗传冗余,获得84份品种(系)的核心种质,其中圆果种60份和长果种24份。比较84份核心种质与300份种质的农艺性状变异系数及Shannon-Wiener指数发现,两者之间相差不大,表明遴选的84份核心种质可以最大限度代表300份黄麻种质资源的遗传多样性加以利用和保存。