Genetic diversity of Bangladeshi native chickens based on complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to explore genetic diversity and possible origin of Bangladeshi (BD) native chickens. The complete mtDNA D-loop region was sequenced in 60 chickens representing five populations; naked neck, full feathered, Aseel, Hilly and autosomal dwarf. The 61 reference sequences representing different domestic chicken clades in China, India, Laos, Indonesia, Myanmar, and other Eurasian regions were included. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of five BD populations were analysed.

2. A total of 35 polymorphic sites, and 21 haplotypes were detected in 60 mtDNA D-loop sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the five populations were 0.921 ± 0.018 and 0.0061 ± 0.0019, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analysis indicated four clades (four haplogroups) in BD populations (21 haplotypes) along with 61 reference haplotypes. Clade E contained the most individuals (20) and haplotypes (11) of BD chickens, followed by clade D (17, 6), clade C (12, 2) and clade F (11, 2), respectively.

3. The higher number of unique haplotypes found in Yunnan, China, suggested that the origin of BD chickens was in this region. The haplotypes from different haplogroups were introduced in Bangladeshi chickens from India, China and Myanmar. The phylogenetic tree showed a close relationship of BD chickens with the clusters from India, China, Myanmar and Laos, and indicated the dispersion of BD chickens from these sources. The phylogenetic information revealed high genetic diversity of BD chickens because of their origin from different lineages with high genetic variation and distance, which was determined from four cluster and neighbour-joining trees.

4. In conclusion, BD populations had high genetic diversity. The mtDNA network profiles and phylogenetic trees showed multiple maternal origins of BD chickens from India, China, Myanmar and Laos.     

天山北坡草地遥感分类及其精度分析

基于遥感资料的植被类型划分能快速获得大尺度的植被覆盖变化数据。采用遥感和GIS技术,利用天山北坡典型草地2008年Landsat 5 TM遥感影像和1999年Landsat 7 ETM+全色波段数据,在对遥感影像预处理的基础上,进行了数据融合处理。根据融合影像的纹理特征进行监督分类,将研究区域的植被初步分为8种主要覆盖类型,在监督分类的基础上借助专家知识系统构建决策树,进一步将草地分为5类,包括平原荒漠、平原沙漠、低山荒漠、温性草甸和高寒草甸,最后对分类结果进行精度评价,总精度在95%以上,总Kappa系数为0.939 6,间隔9年的影像融合和决策树分类方法在研究区植被分类中具有较高的可行性。     

禽I型副粘病毒广西分离株F基因序列及毒力的研究

对源于鸡、鹅、鸽的 9株APMV_1广西分离株及我国常用的中发型疫苗毒株I系 (Mukteswar株 )的F基因N_端前段进行了RT_PCR扩增 ,产物进行核苷酸序列测定 ,用基因分析软件DNAStar进行分析并与已发表的其它参考毒株进行比较。结果发现 ,广西分离株在裂解位点的氨基酸组成和排列均符合强毒株的特征 ;根据F基因绘制的系谱树来看 ,广西鸡和鹅分离株都归属于基因型VII,证实近年来广西流行的基因型与国内其他地区的相同 ;并发现中发型疫苗毒株I系 (Mukteswar株 )也属于基因型VII。研究还对分离株进行了常规的毒力和致病性测定试验 ,并与根据F基因序列特征判定的结果相比较 ,结果发现其中一株鸽源和两株鹅源分离株根据常规方法判定的结果与毒株在临床上的致病性不相符 ,而根据F基因序列特征判定的结果与毒株在临床上的致病性相一致     

桑树新品种薪一圆的鉴定试验和应用效果

对桑树新品种薪-圆作了引种鉴定试验,与荷叶白相比,hm2桑产叶量提高6％以上,hm2头蚕产茧量增12％以上,hm2桑产茧层量增20.7％,每50kg桑叶桑产值高10～19％,强抗桑疫病,适于条桑收获与密植栽培,已成为当地主栽品种大面积应用。     

密植桑园桑树营养特性的研究简报

通过对密植桑园不同密度下不同品种桑叶营养含量分析表明,氮和可溶性糖的含量随密度提高而提高,而磷与钾的吸收则相反,同一密度下不同品种桑叶养分也有差异。     

奶牛附红细胞体16S rRNA基因的克隆、测序及系统发育进化树的建立

为了从分子水平上证实奶牛附红细胞体的存在及研究其分类学地位,利用原核生物16S rRNA基因通用引物对分离纯化的疑似奶牛附红细胞体进行16S rRNA基因的PCR扩增及克隆测序。结果扩增出长约1.5 kb的目的片段,测序结果表明:目的片段长度为1 439 bp,其核苷酸序列与国外已发表的牛温氏附红细胞体(E.wenyoni)的16SrRNA基因片段同源性高达97.1%,暂称为中国广西株(E.wenyoniCGX)。系统发育进化树显示:E.wenyoni和其他血营养菌在系统进化关系上组成了一个大的进化分支,与支原体科、支原体属的病原最接近(75%),而与立克次体科的病原较远(55%)。分析结果支持了Nei mark等和Messick等提出的将这类血营养菌划归支原体科、支原体属的建议。     

家蚕微孢子虫(浙江株)α-微管蛋白基因部分片段的克隆及系统发育分析

基于微孢子虫分类学地位的争议,通过克隆家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis)的α-Tubulin基因,利用BioEditor将核苷酸序列翻译成氨基酸序列,并从NCBI中收集不同物种的α-Tubulin基因,用CLUSTALX(1.81)、Mega2以及在线生物信息学软件CLUSTALW(1.83)分析序列并构建系统发育树。结果显示:家蚕微孢子虫及其它微孢子虫与真菌聚为一类,且微孢子虫以一个独立群与接合菌(zygomycetes)的噬虫霉属(Entomophaga)、耳霉属(Conidiobolus)关系最近,与子囊菌(ascomycetes)、担子菌(basidiomycetes)、壶菌(chytrids)及其它接合菌互为姐妹群。     

桑茶间作经济效益的调查

利用桑茶空间互补、立体共生等特点,进行桑茶,可提高土地利用率,降低生产成本,即改善生态环境,又增加农民收益。     

新疆药桑组培育苗的方法与培养基筛选试验研究

新疆药桑的组培育苗需要经过初代培养、继代培养、生根培养、驯化移栽几个阶段。经试验比较筛选出了适合不同阶段生根发苗的培养基配方,并阐述了新疆药桑组培快繁的方法和步骤。     

Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6 as FMDV receptors: Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species

Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix protein interactions. Many integrins recognize RGD sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. Four members of the αv integrin family of cellular receptors, αvβ3, αvβ6, αvβ1 and αvβ8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in the infected animals. To analyse the roles of the αv integrins from a susceptible species as viral receptors, we have cloned Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 integrin cDNAs and compared them to those of other species. The coding sequences for Bactrian camel integrin αv, β3 and β6 were found to be 3165, 2289 and 2367 nucleotides in length, encoding 1054, 762 and 788 amino acids, respectively. The Bactrian camel αv, β3 and β6 subunits share many structural features with homologues of other species, including the ligand binding domain and cysteine-rich region. Phylogenetic trees and similarity analyses showed the close relationships of integrin genes from Bactrian camels, pigs and cattle, which are each susceptible to FMDV infection, that were distinct from the orders Rodentia, Primates, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Galliformes and Xenopus. We postulate that host tropism of FMDV may in part be related to the divergence in integrin subunits among different species.