大豆种子脱粒机出料溜槽堵塞现象的分析与对策

该文从5TD-680型小区大豆种子脱粒机存在的实际问题着手,运用动力学理论分析了出料溜槽堵塞现象产生的机理,推导出了一个理论公式,提出了相应的解决对策,同时分析了全方位合理设计和研究脱粒机的重要性。文中所用的理论分析方法及其结果可为脱粒机或相关农业机械中溜槽的研究和设计提供参考。     

不同激素处理对假酸浆种子萌发的影响

【目的】假酸浆因种子外被胶质严重影响种子的萌发,探究不同处理对假酸浆种子萌发的影响,增加其种子的萌发率。【方法】以假酸浆种子为试材,采用随机区组法,设置种子放置在纱布上 4 ℃低温处理,以及赤霉素（GA3）、6- 苄氨基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和萘乙酸（NAA）的 MS 培养基处理,定期观察并作记录。【结果】与常温对照相比,种子放置在纱布上 4 ℃低温处理显著促进假酸浆种子萌发,以处理 48 h 发芽率最高为 25 个百分点。MS 培养基添加激素处理中,10 mg/L GA3 处理假酸浆种子发芽率和发芽指数分别为 92.00% 和9.58,比 CK 分别提高 4.27 个百分点和 1.33;1 mg/L 6-BA 处理假酸浆种子发芽率最高、为 96.63%,2 mg/L 6-BA处理发芽势最高、为 73.33%,比 CK 分别增加 8.9 个百分点和 10.07 个百分点;1、2 mg/L NAA 处理假酸浆种子发芽率均为 88.86%,但发芽势和发芽指数均比 CK 低;与 CK 相比,10、50 mg/L GA3 处理假酸浆种子下胚轴长度显著增加,而 6-BA 和 NAA 处理的下胚轴长度显著降低。【结论】低温处理能够显著促进假酸浆种子萌发,MS 培养基添加低浓度激素处理均能提高假酸浆种子的发芽率,通过发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和下胚轴长度综合比较,假酸浆种子的最佳激素处理为 MS+10 mg/L GA3。     

添加葡萄籽等植物提取物对湘云金鲫生长性能及鱼体成分的影响

选用1344尾平均体重为105 g的健康湘云金鲫鱼种。随机分为4个处理,每个处理2个重复。Ⅰ组投喂基础饲料,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础饲料中分别添加4 m g/kg的黄酶素及10、20 g/kg葡萄籽等植物提取物。30 d后测定湘云金鲫的生长性能和鱼体成分。结果显示:Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组比较,增重率分别提高53.77%、45.43%、20.16%(P<0.05),饵料系数分别降低33.06%、31.02%、16.44%(P<0.05);鱼体蛋白质含量显著提高(P>0.05),体脂肪含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。因此,葡萄籽等植物提取物作为饲料添加剂能显著提高湘云金鲫的生长性能、降低饵料系数、改善鱼体品质,本试验条件下,其适宜添加量为10 g/kg。     

Role of micronutrients on quantitative traits and prospects of its accumulation in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

The adequate growth of plants can be achieved only by a balanced ratio of biologically active nutrients in soil along with its readily availability. Linseed seems to be an advantageous secondary oilseed crop widely used in industrial purposes, which can serve additional purpose of phytoextraction of heavily infested soils with heavy metals. In this study, we have made an effort to find out the optimum dose of heavy metals necessary as micronutrients like copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) for the enhancement of linseed yield along with the distribution of heavy metals in different plant parts. Quantitative enhancement in different traits of linseed plant due to Cu, Fe and Zn fertilization especially for capsules per plant after maturity suggested positive association between heavy metal supply and morphological traits, which indirectly enhanced seed yield. There was a positive correlation between Zn supply and seed yield. In the treatments with Cu and Fe fertilization, seed yield was positively correlated to plant height, capsules per plant and seeds per five capsules. According to this study, it is concluded that linseed has the ability to accumulate majorly Fe followed by Cu and Zn.     

Molecular cloning and expression of a novel eukaryotes elongation factor1A gene (ZjeEF-1α) from Chinese jujube in response to phytoplasma infection

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) in plant is a multifunctional protein. In our previous study, we identified a 651-bp EST sequence of eEF-1α from a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), which was established under jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasma stress. Here we isolated the eEF1A gene (ZjeEF-1α, JF488063) from Chinese jujube by single oligonucleotide nested (SON)-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). ZjeEF-1α contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1344 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 447 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 49.29 kDa and a theoretical pI of 9.10. ZjeEF-1α shared over 92% similarity with eEF-1α proteins from other 24 eukaryotes including plants and animals. Search Pfam predicted that ZjeEF-1A contains three typical eEF1A functional domains. Moreover, the corresponding genomic sequence of ZjeEF-1α was also sequenced, in which a 115-bp intervening sequence with splicing site GT-AG was found. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting assays revealed that the expression of ZjeEF-1α was enhanced in resistant cultivar ‘Xingguang’ and decreased in sensitive cultivar ‘Zanhuangdazao’ at early stages of phytoplasma infection. It is proved that ZjeEF-1A expression is early response to phytoplasma infection and its possible functions in resistant process to JWB phytoplasma are discussed.     

不破坏种子的活力测定方法研究：Ⅲ.菜心种子活力和渗出物的关系

浸汽后快速回干的菜心种子活力和细胞膜的完整性较差。经过５次浸泡／回干／贮藏循环自理种子活力和发芽率得以较好保持与提高，增加了耐和性和抗老化能力，且每次循环浸泡４ｈ和６ｈ效果较好。渗漏物测定表明每次浸泡／回干／贮藏循环处理浸泡液的电子率和芥子碱相对含量均与种子活力显著负相关。     

不同疏伐强度对华山松母树林生长结实的效应

母树林的生长结实与疏伐有直接的关系；不同的疏伐强度能对母树林的生长发育和结实产生不同的作用。通过对华山松人工林不同疏伐强度的多年研究，展示了华山松母树林不同疏伐强度的生长、发育和结实情况，并提出了华山松母树林的合理综合疏伐强度指标。得出了改建华山松母树林应以郁闭度0．5～0.6为控制疏伐强度的指标。     

观光木容器育苗技术

指出了观光木是我国亚热带、热带地区乡土阔叶珍贵用材和高效多用途树种，发展前景广阔。从种子的采集和处理、圃地选择、整地和作床、种子处理、苗期管理、病虫害防治等方面探讨了观光木的容器育苗技术。     

水稻三系不育系繁源A异交特性与繁殖技术初探

繁源A具有开花习性好、花时集中，异交率高等特点。依据近几年的观察，总结其高产繁殖技术主要有以下几点：选择具有天然屏障条件的隔离基地；选择适宜的抽穗扬花期天气条件：大气温度28～32％，大气相对湿度70％～80％；灌浆成熟期保持田间湿润，利于籽粒灌浆饱满和减少裂颖。