番茄茎叶提取物对萝卜蚜的毒力及其活性物质的分离纯化和结构的初步解析

番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill）茎叶提取物对萝卜蚜（Lipaphis erysimi Kaltenbach）具有防治效果,且随着浓度的提高活性加强。在田间小区试验中,当浓度为30 mg.mL-1时,对萝卜蚜的防效为97%。室内生测实验结果表明,其对萝卜蚜毒效的LC50为10.36 mg.mL-1。通过对番茄茎叶进行提取、分离和纯化,结合活性跟踪,经红外光谱、紫外光谱、质谱、核磁共振等分析,初步确定该活性结构为一分子量为300.1415的脂肪酸酯类化合物。     

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SALAD ROCKET GROWN IN DIFFERENT MONTHS OF THE YEAR

The effects of months of the year and nitrogen (N) sources on salad rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) yield, quality, and nitrate accumulation was investigated during the years 2002 and 2003. In both years, seeds were sown on the first day of April, May, June, July, August and September. Three different nitrogen sources were used: farmyard (cattle) manure (100 tonnes·ha^?1), calcium nitrate [Ca(NO₃)₂]-15.5% N (150 kg N·ha^?1) and ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄)]-21% N (150 kg N·ha^?1). Yield, leaf color, dry matter, vitamin C and total glucosinolate content and nitrate accumulation was assessed. Growing months affected all the assessed parameters significantly both years, with the exception of hue angle in 2003, whereas nitrogen source only influenced yield and nitrate accumulation in 2003. In both years the highest yield was obtained in April, but vitamin C and total glucosinolate contents were higher during summer months, and leaves were slightly darker colored. Chemical fertilizers increased the yield compared to farmyard manure; however, they also increased nitrate accumulation slightly, without any significant difference between them. Nitrate accumulation never exceeded 300 mg kg^?1 fresh weight (FW), which is well below the acceptable daily intake of 3.7 mg nitrate per kg^?1 bodyweight set by European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food.     

熊蜂授粉技术在早春大棚番茄生产中的应用研究

为改善早春大棚番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)的品质,并达到增产增收、省工、省力、省成本的目的,开展了早春大棚番茄生产应用熊蜂(Bombus sp.)授粉技术试验。结果表明,熊蜂授粉处理比激素点花处理增产937 kg/667m2,单果重增加11.2 g,单株坐果数增加3.8个,畸形果率下降17个百分点,节省人工投入185元/667m2,共节本增收2 621元/667m2。同时熊蜂授粉技术比激素点花技术的番茄果形周正、果实饱满多汁,改善了番茄的风味与口感,提高了果实硬度;在生产过程中还减少了农药使用次数和激素残留。     

‘冬枣’子代种子萌发及下胚轴诱导愈伤组织研究

为实施‘冬枣’遗传改良方案,以采自山西柳林自然授粉获得的‘冬枣’子代种子为材料,测量种子横、纵径、种仁率等基本形态指标,并进一步研究种子萌发最适条件和下胚轴诱导愈伤组织适宜培养基。结果表明：（1）‘冬枣’子代种子横径为(8.62±0.05) mm,纵径为(17.95±0.05) mm,千粒重为(54.27±4.62) g,种仁率为(64.17±3.82)%,‘冬枣’属于种仁率较高的枣树品种。（2）种仁在含有GA3 0.4 g/L的萌发培养基中预处理24 h后接种到萌发培养基上,最有利于种仁萌发,萌发率可达100%;液体萌发培养基稍好于固体萌发培养基,但未达显著水平。（3）下胚轴诱导愈伤组织的适宜培养基为1/2MS+ TDZ 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,诱导率为(60.00±3.02)%。     

冬枣锈病发生与叶龄及其解剖结构关系的研究

为探讨冬枣叶龄、叶片解剖结构与锈病侵染和发病程度的关系,对冬枣3种不同叶龄的叶片进行锈病接种试验,并对叶片组织解剖结构进行了测定。结果表明：3种叶龄叶片感病程度由低到高依次为：成熟叶< 长成叶<嫩叶,由此可见,成熟叶对锈病的抵抗力最强;3种叶龄叶解剖性状在角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度、气孔密度和气孔大小等指标有显著差异,但气孔开张结构性状差异不显著。文章筛选出了与冬枣锈病发生有关的叶片形态结构指标,为合理的控制冬枣锈病和筛选抗锈病冬枣优良单株的提供了理论依据。     

微生物菌剂对番茄生长发育及产量的影响

为了研究微生物菌剂对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)生长发育和产量的影响,采用田间试验的方法,研究了不同浓度微生物菌剂对番茄幼苗的生长发育、营养生长、病虫害、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,稀释200倍的微生物菌剂处理对番茄生长发育、产量和品质的促进效果最好,幼苗的出苗率、主根长度、鲜重分别比对照提高了42.81%、20.20%、26.23%,株高、果实横径、果实纵径、叶片相对叶绿素含量分别比对照提高了46.84%、49.76%、53.37%、44.03%,显著降低了病虫害的发生率,产量比对照增加16.16%,果实品质明显高于对照。实际应用可采用稀释200倍的微生物菌剂处理。     

木立芦荟叶片愈伤组织诱导过程中防褐化的研究

以木立芦荟叶片作外植体,培养于附加6-BA 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L的MS培养基上。添加不同浓度的活性炭及维生素C附加物成分,研究木立芦荟在叶片愈伤组织诱导过程中,各种附加物成分对防止褐化的影响。结果表明:活性炭和维生素C均可有效防止褐化,2.0 g/L的活性炭或0.2 g/L的维生素C能不同程度的减轻褐化,效果最好,活性炭和维生素C配合使用时,以2.0 g/L活性炭与0.1 g/L维生素C配合使用时最理想。     

不同栽培措施下枣树净光合速率及裂果率研究

为比较出辽西地区大枣适合的栽培措施,设置了未灌溉栽培、灌溉栽培、遮阴栽培、雾化栽培4个处理,分析了各处理下枣树的净光合效率及裂果率。结果表明:灌溉栽培、遮阴栽培2个处理对提高大枣净光合速率效果比较明显,有助于枣树积累更多的光合产物;雾化栽培处理可以明显降低大枣的裂果率,对提高品质有一定的效果。     

酸枣超临界萃取物的化学成分研究

采用超临界CO2萃取法提取酸枣果肉中的脂肪油成分,并通过GC—MS法分析测定脂肪油的化学成分。结果表明,萃取物中共含有21种化合物,其主要成分为油酸（24．52％）、棕榈酸（22．38％）、十四碳烯酸（12．09％）,亚油酸（4．11％）等脂肪酸。     

Geographical origin and drying methodology may affect the essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill) N.E. Brown

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown, the ginger grass, is a medicinal and aromatic plant widely used in Latin America. In this work the effect of the geographical origin and different drying methodologies on L. alba leaves production, essential oil content and composition were evaluated. Field experiments were conducted in three different municipalities (Amargosa, Cruz das Almas and Santo Antônio de Jesus) from Bahia region (Brazil) and two drying methodologies (traditional and artificial with controlled conditions) were assessed. Fresh and dried leaves essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation and their volatiles were determined by gas chromatography.The geographical origin affected the mass production, essential oil content and both qualitative and quantitative fractions of their composition. Leaves from Cruz das Almas had higher yield in essential oil content. Overall, 26 oil constituents were identified. Carvone, germacrene D and limonene were the main oil constituents. The drying methodologies combined with the geographic origin influenced essential oil composition showing that L. alba constituents were influenced by post-harvest treatments. Some constituents were sensitive to both methods applied, while some enhanced their content like germacrene D.