大豆胞囊线虫主效抗病基因Rhg4(GmSHMT)的CAPS/dCAPS标记开发和利用

大豆胞囊线虫(soybean cyst nematode,SCN)严重危害世界大豆生产,Rhg4(resistance to Heterodera glycines 4)是控制大豆SCN抗性的2个主效位点之一。本研究针对Rhg4(Gm SHMT)上的2个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)位点开发了快速、经济、简便易行的CAPS(Rhg4-389)和d CAPS标记(Rhg4-1165),并用开发的2个标记鉴定了以大豆胞囊线虫应用核心种质为主的193份代表性抗感种质。结果表明,Rhg4-389和Rhg4-1165位点间存在显著连锁不平衡(P=0.0001,r2=0.87),可形成4种单倍型。Rhg4-389-G/Rhg4-1165-T和Rhg4-389-C/Rhg4-1165-A为优势单倍型,稀有单倍型Rhg4-389-G/Rhg4-1165-A和Rhg4-389-C/Rhg4-1165-T是在中国抗源中新发现的单倍型。结合193份种质对SCN 3号小种抗性鉴定分析发现,Rhg4-389-G和Rhg4-1165-T主要存在于抗病种质,它们形成的单倍型对抗病种质鉴定效率可达94.1%。本研究开发了可用于辅助大豆SCN抗性鉴定且方便育种家利用的CAPS/d CAPS标记,且用其摸清了应用核心种质等重要抗源在Rhg4位点的"本底",为育种家有效利用这些优异抗源提供了重要信息。     

SSR标记技术在马铃薯遗传育种研究中的应用

基于PCR基础上发展起来的SSR分子标记技术具有共显性遗传、多态性高、重复性好、稳定性好、操作简单等优点，本文简述了SSR分子标记技术的基本原理与特点，重点对马铃薯SSR引物的开发及其在马铃薯品种鉴定、遗传图谱构建与数量性状基因定位、分子标记辅助选择育种的研究现状进行了分析，并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Drought Stress in Grain Legumes during Reproduction and Grain Filling

Water scarcity is a major constraint limiting grain legume production particularly in the arid and semi‐arid tropics. Different climate models have predicted changes in rainfall distribution and frequent drought spells for the future. Although drought impedes the productivity of grain legumes at all growth stages, its occurrence during reproductive and grain development stages (terminal drought) is more critical and usually results in significant loss in grain yield. However, the extent of yield loss depends on the duration and intensity of the stress. A reduction in the rate of net photosynthesis, and poor grain set and grain development are the principal reasons for terminal drought‐induced loss in grain yield. Insight into the impact and resistance mechanism of terminal drought is required for effective crop improvement programmes aiming to improve resistance to terminal drought in grain legumes. In this article, the impact of terminal drought on leaf development and senescence, light harvesting and carbon fixation, and grain development and grain composition is discussed. The mechanisms of resistance, management options, and innovative breeding and functional genomics strategies to improve resistance to terminal drought in grain legumes are also discussed.     

苇状羊茅EST-SSR标记在草甸羊茅和多年生黑麦草的通用分析

草甸羊茅（Festuca pratensis Huds）和多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne Lam）均是禾本科、多年生草本植物,是优良的牧草和草坪草。本研究采用40对苇状羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schred）的表达序列标签-简单序列重复（Expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats,EST-SSR）分子标记分别评比了18份草甸羊茅和18份多年生黑麦草的遗传的多样性,并发现上述标记在草甸羊茅和多年生黑麦草中的通用性比例分别为55%和50%。在草甸羊茅中22对引物共扩增出212个条带,每对引物扩增条带数在4～13之间,多态性条带总数为190条,百分率为89.62%;多年生黑麦草中20对引物共扩增出203个条带,条带数在4～16之间,多态性条带总数为182条,百分率为89.67％;另外,分子标记NFA103和NFA140可以直接用于区别多年生黑麦草和草甸羊茅。综上,本研究发掘的通用性引物对于两种草的遗传多样性分析及种质资源合理利用具有重要的意义。     

绵羊(ATAG)n四碱基微卫星位点的筛选及其在亲子鉴定中的应用

本试验旨在筛选绵羊高度多态性四碱基微卫星遗传标记,建立适用于绵羊亲子关系鉴定的实验体系。试验以小尾寒羊为主要研究对象,从已有的绵羊参考基因组序列出发,基于全基因组序列筛选法共筛选出53个（ATAG）_n四碱基重复微卫星位点,然后通过基因分型数据共筛选出30个扩增效果好、多态信息含量（PIC）丰富的四碱基重复微卫星位点;30个位点的基因分型结果表明,共扩增出253个等位基因,平均等位基因数为8.433,等位基因数均>5,多态信息含量在0.566~0.898,观测杂合度（Ho）范围在0.548~0.903,期望杂合度（He）范围在0.631~0.921,平均期望杂合度为0.776;哈代-温伯格平衡检验30个位点均处于遗传平衡状态。随后根据PCR的扩增效率从获得的30个多态性位点中筛选出22个微卫星位点用于亲权排除概率的计算,根据多态信息含量的大小由高到低依次增加位点数进行组合。结果表明,在两个亲本的基因型均未知的情况下,标记位点数为15个时,累积排除概率可达到99.99%,其中单个位点的第一非亲排除率（non-exclusion probability of the first parent,NE-1P）介于0.321~0.663之间。利用建立的亲子鉴定体系对16只具有系谱记录的小尾寒羊样本进行检测,结果共鉴定出4个具有高置信度的绵羊家系,鉴定结果与系谱记录完全一致。本试验为绵羊分子系谱的构建、亲子鉴定以及保障绵羊育种工作的正常开展奠定重要基础。     

基于ISSR分子标记的紫云英种质资源遗传多样性及结构分析

紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)是我国重要的稻田绿肥作物,为揭示不同地区种质资源遗传特征,本研究利用ISSR分子标记对77份紫云英种质资源进行了遗传多样性及结构分析。研究发现,77份供试紫云英种质资源遗传相似性系数为0.567 7～0.868 6,可划分为6个聚类。不同地区群体间分化系数为0.136 3,达到极显著水平(P<0.001),其中种群间变异占比13.9%,种群内变异占比86.1%。不同ISSR引物扩增信息鉴别紫云英资源的能力存在差异,构建了以P809第3,8,9,10,12,15扩增位点以及P886第1,3,5,9,10,11扩增位点为特征的指纹图谱,能有效区分77份供试紫云英资源。以资源所在省份为单元进行群体分析,供试紫云英资源遗传结构呈现分化特征,河南-安徽-江苏-上海资源遗传结构相似,构成北方亚群;四川-广西-湖南-江西资源相似,构成西南方亚群;福建种质资源则呈现混合型特征。本研究结果可为我国紫云英种质资源的科学利用及新品种选育提供依据。     

Existence of an Arbitrage about Portfolio in an Unequilibrium Market

This article has discussed the problem of an arbitrage about an portfolio in an unequilimarket and got a determinable theorem about existence of an arbitrage about an portfolio. According to this theorem,an arbitrage about portfolio is not existing if there exists a respect martignal measure.A structural result about existence of arbitrage about an portfolio in a market is gotten. All results represent the existence of an arbitrage about an portfolio is related closely to the type of market.     

Linkage between a major gene for powdery mildew resistance and an RFLP marker on chromosome 1R of rye

DNA samples from an F₂ progeny which segregated for resistance to powdery mildew were bulked for resistant and susceptible individuals. In a segregant analysis, genomic rye probes which had been localized previously in a linkage map of rye were systematically screened for polymorphisms between these bulks. An RFLP marker located on linkage group 1RS was found to be tightly linked to a dominant mildew resistance gene. This is the first publication mapping a major gene for mildew resistance in rye.