信息化技术的教学方式初探——以“食品微生物学”为例

"食品微生物学"是一门食品专业学生所必修专业基础课。为改进"食品微生物学"教学模式,获得高质量的教学品质,从课程特点、教学内容、教学模式现状分析该课程有待改进的方面,教学上有机结合现代化信息技术,探究如何进一步深化"食品微生物学"教学方式信息化,将信息技术与教育理念双融合,以期形成较好的教育方式。     

对作物区域试验中参试品种产量统计方法问题的探讨

品种区域试验是作物品种评价、布局和推广的依据。在国家谷子品种区域试验中,由于试点间地力或管理水平不同,各试点的产量水平差别很大,往往存在一点或少数试点产量水平明显高于或低于其他试点,这些试点的产量数据在汇总时占的份额过高,导致这些试点结果对整体试验结果影响过大,甚至基本可以决定整体试验结果的情况。因而,如何使试验结果比较客观、准确地反映参试品种的实际产量水平,一直是制约区域试验工作和品种审定工作的难题。针对这一问题,作者在多年从事国家谷子品种区域试验的实践中,总结出用各承试点的理论产量代替实际产量进行汇总,即将各承试点对照的产量进行平均,然后,以这一数据为基础,依据参试品种在各承试点较对照增减产的比例,计算它们在相应试点的理论产量,将各承试点的产量调整到同一水平,剔除地力等因素对产量的影响。经验证,该方法统计的参试品种较对照增减产比例与各试点增减产比例的平均数基本一致,基本反映了参试品种的实际产量水平。取得了较好的效果,对区试资料的汇总工作具有较大参考意义。     

天水地区干旱过程风险评估方法研究

为研究天水地区干旱变化特征并对其进行定量评估,本文采用天水地区7个气象站1965～2012年45年的气象观测资料,依据风险评估和正态分布等相关理论,首先确定了干旱过程综合评估指数;其次分析了天水地区干旱过程的变化特征;第三利用干旱过程综合评估指数序列对天水地区干旱过程强度风险评估等级进行划分,确定了明显干旱过程重现期评估指标;最后利用等级划分指标及重现期评估指标对2013年天水明显干旱过程进行了试评估。结果表明,该方法能科学、及时、有效的对天水干旱过程风险进行量化评估,对提高防灾减灾和决策气象服务的实效性具有一定的参考价值和意义。     

Methods and Techniques to Enhance the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Hairy Roots

Hairy roots culture is a new means to gain the plant secondary metabolites. How to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in hairy roots becomes a new hotspot recently. The authors summarize recent trends and results about the increase of the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plant hairy roots. The change of culture conditions and the application of biotechnologies can enhance the production of secondary metabolites in hairy roots.     

不同加工处理方式对芝麻油风味的影响研究

以传统作坊式水代法芝麻油、传统作坊式压榨芝麻油、商品芝麻油为研究对象,采用顶空固相微萃取与气质联用技术（HS-SPME-GC/MS）和聚类分析对不同芝麻油挥发性化合物进行了检测和系统对比。结果表明：通过聚类分析,发现水代芝麻油和商品芝麻油的挥发性化合物组成相似程度更高;此外,芝麻油中吡嗪类化合物、含硫杂环化合物和苯系物因不同加工处理方式的差异显示出较大变化,其中3-乙基-2,5-二甲基吡嗪、4-甲基噻唑、愈创木酚等可作为区别三种芝麻油的关键风味物质。     

不同施肥方式对香蕉生长和产量的影响

通过研究在施用适量氮磷钾施肥条件下不同施肥方式对香蕉生长和产量的影响,为香蕉施肥技术提供完善的技术支撑。结果表明：全生长期撒施和前期撒施香蕉营养生长期与孕蕾期长势较好,前期水肥抽蕾期香蕉长高增粗,但抽蕾延缓。前期水肥,中、后期沟施或穴施施肥方式能提高果梳重和果指数,改善香蕉果实品质,提高果实风味,增产效果好,然而,由于该方式施肥人工费用较高,利润有所下降。香蕉中后期开沟或穴施肥容易伤根,香蕉感染枯萎病风险相对较大。     

芜菁种子中总黄酮提取工艺研究

采用乙醇浸提法提取芜菁种子中的黄酮类化合物。结果表明:浸提提取的最佳条件是50 ml 70%乙醇在70℃下提取2 h。本试验采用分光光度法,以芦丁标准品测定芜菁种子提取物中总黄酮的含量,总黄酮含量为2.01%.方法简便,快速,重现性好,可作为检测芜菁种子提取物中黄酮含量的一种手段。     

Barley mutants with increased tolerance to aluminium toxicity

Acid soil and associated aluminium toxicity are considered as the number one abiotic factor limiting crop production. Over 2 billion hectares of acid soils exist world-wide, both in tropical and moderate climatic zones. In Poland acid soils represent up to60% of arable land. At soil pH < 5.0 Al ions become soluble in water and toxic to plants. Genetic improvement of Al tolerance in crops is the only alternative to soil liming, a traditional but short term and expensive agricultural cure to raise soil pH. Of the various cereals, barley is the most sensitive to Al toxicity. The known sources of Al tolerance in barley are limited to old cultivars and landraces. While they represent multiple alleles of a single locus, there is no potential to improve Al tolerance through recombination of non-allelic additive genes. In the Department of Genetics, Silesian University we have employed induced mutations for rapid creation of variability for Al tolerance in barley. Thirteen mutants with increased levels of tolerance to Al toxicity have been selected in M₃ generation after mutagenic treatment of four barley varieties with N-methyl-N-nitroso urea (MNH) and sodium azide. Six further Al tolerant mutants were identified in the collection of semi-dwarf mutants of the Department. All selected mutants confirmed Al tolerance with the use of three different methods of screening, i.e., root re-growth, root tolerance index and hematoxylin staining. Fourteen mutants exhibited significant root re-growth after 48 hour incubation with 3 ppm Al⁺³ and two of them, namely RL819/2 and RL820/6 were tolerant even to 6 ppm Al⁺³. Crosses of two selected mutants with their respective parent varieties indicated that Al tolerance in each mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. Out of three methods tested, the root re-growth method facilitated by hematoxylin staining proved to be the most reliable technique for large scale testing. Double treatment with MNH or combined treatment with sodium azide and MNH and 6hinter-incubation germination between treatments were the most successful treatment combinations for induction of aluminium tolerance in barley. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Productivity in Field-Grown Barley Genotypes

Five barley genotypes of different origins were used to examine the relationships between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and grain yield, yield components, dry aerial biomass and harvest index under rainfed and irrigated Mediterranean conditions. High positive correlations were found between Δ and grain yield and harvest index under both water conditions, suggesting that Δ may represent efficiency of dry matter partitioning to the grain. This hypothesis was also supported by the positive correlation found between Δ and thousand-grain weight when all the data were considered. The two drought-tolerant genotypes LM2887 and Tadmor presented the smallest difference between the two treatments for traits related to productivity as well as the highest Δ values. These results highlight the potential of Δ as a selection criterion in barley breeding in Mediterranean regions. They also encourage the study of the genetics of Δ and the identification of molecular markers linked to its variation in available progenies derived from crosses between the genotypes used in the present paper.     

Developing Method Based on Object-oriented Modeling Techniques for Management Information System

A developing method is given which based on object-oriented modeling techniques for management information systems.The modeling techniques,especially,from CDM to PDM conversion,make it possible that the method can be used for developing such management information systems which based on relational database.The result shows that it can raise the efficency of the system developing,improve the system tability,enhance the system maintenability.