沟覆盖材料对垄沟集雨种植饲草作物青贮品质和产量的影响

为探究适合于半干旱地区垄沟集雨种植的环保沟覆盖材料,以玉米和高粱为试验材料,研究不同沟覆盖材料(生物可降解液体地膜、秸秆和生物可降解地膜,以无覆盖为对照)对玉米和高粱青贮品质、产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆覆盖处理下玉米和高粱的粗蛋白显著高于其他处理。玉米的中性洗涤纤维在秸秆处理下高于其他处理,并显著高于生物可降解液体地膜和生物可降解地膜处理;高粱的中性洗涤纤维在无覆盖处理下显著高于其他处理。玉米的酸性洗涤纤维在秸秆处理下显著高于其他处理;高粱的在无覆盖处理下高于其他处理,并显著高于生物可降解液体地膜和生物可降解地膜。玉米和高粱的相对饲用价值在生物可降解液体地膜和生物可降解地膜处理下高于其他处理,分别显著高于秸秆和无覆盖处理。玉米和高粱的青贮产量在生物可降解地膜处理下显著高于其他处理。综合分析得出,生物可降解地膜适宜作为半干旱黄土高原区垄沟集雨沟覆盖材料。     

饲料中添加海洋生物营养强化剂对蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加海洋生物营养强化剂对鸡蛋蛋品质的影响,将600只健康海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为两组,分别饲喂普通九洲鸡饲料和含有海洋生物营养强化剂的九洲鸡饲料,对比分析其鸡蛋蛋品质及其功能性营养物质（必需氨基酸、脂肪酸及类胡萝卜素）的变化,试验期56 d。结果显示,试验组海兰褐壳蛋鸡所产鸡蛋（海洋生命蛋）的蛋黄颜色为橙红到鲜红色,蛋黄重/蛋清重为0.424,而普通鸡蛋的蛋黄为黄色和橘黄色,蛋黄重/蛋清重为0.365。海洋生命蛋的总氨基酸含量为13.22 g/100 g,其中各必需氨基酸含量较普通鸡蛋均有不同程度的提高;海洋生命蛋中多不饱和脂肪酸高达30.53%,类胡萝卜素含量达到0.75 mg/枚,而普通鸡蛋仅为0.52 mg/枚;同时,在海洋生命蛋中检测出虾青素,其叶黄素/玉米黄素为1.12,且其有机硒含量为290~490 μg/kg。上述结果表明,添加海洋生物营养强化剂的饲料可较全面地提高鸡蛋的蛋品质。     

农作物秸秆综合利用措施研究进展

围绕农作物秸秆综合利用的内涵,综述了农作物秸秆肥料化、饲料化、基料化、能源化、工业原料化5种利用措施和秸秆综合利用措施研究进展及存在的问题,总结了未来农作物秸秆综合利用措施研究的重点问题,包括加强秸秆肥料化培肥土壤的机制研究;重视秸秆综合利用配套机械装置及储运体系的改进和开发;利用秸秆资源产出各种副产品的单独过程加“环”组“链”技术改进和开发;区域秸秆综合利用措施开发和效益评价,旨在为秸秆综合利用措施的开发提供指导与借鉴。     

中小型农机制造企业生产存储策略研究

为了得到中小型农机制造企业在某产品一个生产周期内的生产存储策略,在考虑农机生产销售特征的基础上,提出了具有备货期及阶段性产能调整的多元非线性生产模型。在此基础上,对模型进行分析与简化,得到了2种产能安排策略下的生产存储模型,并运用Matlab软件对2种情况进行数值仿真计算,得到模型最优解,最后,运用S-M法对原材料订购进行分析。结果表明,阶段性的产能调整策略能获得最优成本,备货期的长度是确定整个周期内生产存储策略的关键因素。     

单菌株与复合菌对有机物料腐熟性能的影响

[目的]研究单菌株和复合菌的腐熟性能。[方法]测定了单菌株和复合菌的拮抗效果、除臭能力、纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性,以及复合菌对有机物料的除臭和腐熟效果。[结果]由TARE1013KC、TARE1003DY、TARE2012SR、TARE2009MQ和TARE2008LS这5种菌株组成的复合菌具有较强的纤维素、蛋白质分解能力及除臭能力,综合性能高于任何单一菌株。复合菌作为腐熟剂进行应用后,从菌数、速效养分、C/N、气味和发酵周期效果来看,对有机物料的腐熟和除臭都起到了显著的促进作用。[结论]复合菌在促进有机物料腐熟及除臭方面效果优于单菌株。     

新型改性蒙脱石材料对污染土壤中Cu的钝化修复效果

[目的]研究新型改性蒙脱石材料(巯基土)对土壤中Cu的钝化修复效果。[方法]以巯基土作为钝化剂,通过小白菜盆栽修复试验和田间修复示范试验,研究巯基土对Cu污染土壤的钝化修复效果。[结果]对于盆栽试验,添加适当比例的巯基土可显著降低小白菜植株Cu累积量,当添加量为1.0%时,Cu污染土上小白菜植株Cu累积量相比CK可降低44%;对于田间示范修复试验,添加0.2%和0.5%的巯基土相比CK可分别降低小白菜植株Cu累积系数达22.5%和17.0%,其钝化效果明显优于未经改性的钠化蒙脱石材料(钠化土)。[结论]该研究可为土壤Cu污染治理修复提供科学依据。     

玻璃纤维增强杨木重组木的物理力学性能

采用了玻璃纤维作为增强材料对杨木单板重组木进行了增强,研究了密度和纤维铺装结构对杨木重组木物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着玻璃纤维铺装层数的增加,重组木的力学性能增加,但当玻璃纤维添加到3层时,重组木力学性能相较双层玻璃纤维铺装有所降低。随着密度的增加,玻璃纤维对重组木力学性能的增强效果减弱。玻璃纤维对重组木的尺寸稳定性同样有着显著的增强效果,随着纤维铺装层数的增加,玻璃纤维增强重组木的吸水厚度膨胀率、吸水率及线性膨胀率的抑制效果均呈增加趋势。随着浸水时间的增加,玻璃纤维对线性膨胀率的抑制效果也更为显著。     

竹制玩具及其创新设计方法研究

玩具是人们成长过程中的重要伴侣,竹材作为一种环境友好型材料,竹制玩具比其他人造材料的玩具具有许多优点。文章在综合分析竹制玩具的种类和材料特性的基础上,结合设计实例,提出了单体组合法、材料置换法、形态同构法、异质组合法等创新的设计方法,以期为竹制玩具的创新开发提供理论参考。     

Influence of tuber weight and cutting on growth and yield of safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum)

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of different weight of planting material and cutting on safed musli cultivation. Tubers were divided into three weight categories (3, 6 and 9 g bulk^?1) and were either planted as whole or cut tubers. The plant growth and development were recorded at 60, 90 and 120 days after sprouting (DAS). The results showed that both factors had no interaction for all parameters measured. The sprouting percentage was not significantly different in all the treatments. The weight of planting materials used in the treatments had no influence on the overall plant growth and development. However, there was a significant difference observed between whole tuber and cut tuber treatments. At 90 DAS, tubers subjected to cutting encouraged the plants to produce the higher number of leaves (22.7) with improved total leaf area (642 cm²), fibrous root length (2795 cm) and tuber dry weight (7.8 g). The same pattern was observed at 120 DAS where the cut tubers produced the higher number of tubers (20.7) with increased length (8.6 cm) and diameter (6.6 mm). Consequently, these factors resulted in higher yield, 15.7 as compared to 13.6 g bulk^?1 in non-cut treatment.     

河南石灰性土壤特征及其在中国土壤系统分类中的修订研究

Calcareous soils are those soils containing layers of carbonate accumulation formed by either secondary accumulation or inheritance of CaCO3 from calcareous parent materials.These soils are widely distributed in arid,semi-arid and even some humid climate environments.However,in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST,3rd version),the soils that contain large amounts of CaCO3 but do not meet requirements of Aridosols are classified as Hapli-Ustic Cambosols.This group also includes many non-calcareous soils and those soils strongly affected by secondary carbonate accumulation together with quite dissimilar soils in terms of their morphology and properties.This study was conducted to determine calcification patterns and calcic processes occurring in representative pedons of calcareous soils in northwestern Henan Province,China and to classify these soils in CST.A Calcic subgroup was proposed to add within the Hapli-Ustic Cambosols.A diagnostic key was also provided to separate this subgroup from the Typic subgroup.In this way the different calcification degrees of soils were better reflected in the classification,which should lead to more uniform interpretive groups for better soil management.