铁法预处理糖蜜酒精废液沼气发酵工艺的研究

本研究采用法法预处理糖蜜精废液，并将其进行厌氧发酵试验，试验的厌氧罐容积为１３Ｌ，预处理容积为１．３Ｌ结果表明：经铁法预处理后的糖蜜酒精度液能够稳定地用于沼气发酵，而且所产沼气的Ｈ２Ｓ含量大减少。     

冶金因素对纯镍铸铁焊条抗热裂性能影响

研究了钛、铌，钛，钼，硅和钇镁硅铁合金对纯镍铸铁焊条抗热裂性能的影响，试验结果表明，钛，铌，钴，钇和镁在焊缝中的含量有一最佳值，综合利用这些合金元素，可显著改善纯镍铸铁焊条的抗热裂性能，其熔敷金属的机械性能可符合铁素体球墨铸铁（ＱＴ４００－１５）的要求。     

Metal contamination from open-cast copper and sulphur mining in southeast Ireland

The metal content was determined in soil and vegetation around the eastern zone of the disused sulphur and copper mines at Avoca (southeast Ireland). A 250 m × 250 m grid survey was conducted covering a total area of 4 km². The mining belt was in the centre of the investigated site and was sampled separately. Iron, Zn, Cu and Cd concentrations in soil and plant material were determined, in addition to soil organic matter content and soil pH. Soil samples taken from the spoil showed elevated Cu and Cd concentrations, and low soil pH and organic matter content. At least 50 per cent of the agricultural sites examined around the East Avoca Mine showed elevated soil Cu and Cd concentrations, whereas Zn and Fe soil concentrations were within the range for unpolluted soils. None of the vegetation analysed had elevated Zn, Cd, Fe or Cu concentrations. Overall there was no indication of serious metal contamination in either soils or vegetation surrounding the mine in spite of extensive dust deposition during open-pit mining activity 15–30 years ago. However, a plume of elevated Cu in the soil was identified, which originated from a large spoil heap and had been spread for some 2·0 km by the prevailing wind.     

疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响

为了研究疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响,以不疏花为对照,在初花期对其进行疏花处理,统计疏花量、记录果实发育情况及成熟日期,并测定果实成熟时的品质和整个过程中树体叶片营养变化情况。据统计,每株树的平均疏花量达到80%-90%左右,疏掉的小穗数、支穗数和侧穗数分别为89.81%、89.74%、81.82%。试验结果表明,疏花使无核荔枝的果实发育情况及果实成熟时的可食率、单果重、总糖、维生素C、还原糖均高于对照;果实成熟时,平均单株产量提高70.59%;疏花处理的果实成熟期较对照提前7天左右;该过程中树体叶片N、P、K、S、Ca、Mg含量在前期高于而后期稍低于对照。疏花加快了无核荔枝果实生长发育,并提高了果实的产量和品质。     

不同柑桔品种裂果及其成因研究

摘要：目的：柑桔裂果是生产中常见的一种生理性病害,严重影响果实的商品价值,因此弄清不同柑桔品种裂果的差异及成因对提高柑桔品质、减少产量损失尤为重要。材料与方法：本研究对纽荷尔脐橙、朋娜脐橙、白柳脐橙、清家脐橙、塔罗科血橙、兴津温州蜜柑、清见桔橙、不知火桔橙、485-28、32-1（其中485-28、32-1为柑研所新品系）10个品种进行裂果数目调查,并与气象资料、树体叶片营养状况和果实品质进行相关性分析。结果与分析：结果表明,不同品种间裂果率差异极大,清见未见裂果,而 485-28 的累计裂果率达到 78.72%。甜橙类品种裂果率与果皮厚度呈显著负相关。雨量分布不均是导致果实裂果的原因之一。研究发现柑桔叶片钾含量与裂果率呈显著负相关,结果枝与营养枝的钙含量与果实裂果率相关性不明显,但二者间的差值与裂果率呈显著负相关,这可能与 Ca的调运能力有关,具体原因有待进一步研究。结论：因此,生产上应选择裂果率较低的品种,合理灌溉,适当增施钾和钙肥,以降低果实裂果率。     

钾镁配施对杨梅品质和矿质营养的影响

为提升杨梅产量及品质,分析了钾镁不同配施比例对杨梅果实品质及营养元素的变化特点。结果显示,株施单钾肥1.0 kg,可显著提高杨梅果实单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及Vc含量,分别比对照组提高17.43%、11.48%、13.23%及19.96%,果实中矿质养分钾、磷、铁含量显著提高;株施单镁肥0.3 kg,可显著提高杨梅果实单果重、可溶性固形物、总糖及Vc含量,分别比对照组提高13.24%、9.60%、10.89%及15.70%;株施镁钾混合配施比例为0.2/0.75 kg时,可显著提高杨梅果实产量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及硬度,果实中钾、铁含量显著提高。本研究可为提升杨梅品质的配方施肥技术方案提供依据。     

烟草钾素营养研究进展

从烟草钾素营养研究意义、土壤特性对烟草钾营养的影响、钾素在烟株内的分配与积累规律和提高烟叶含钾量的技术途径等方面综述了近年来中国烟草钾素营养研究的状况及进展,并提出了对烟草钾素营养研究的展望。     

补充营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响

茶银尺蠖[Scopula subpunctaria (Herrich-Schaeffer)]是危害茶树的常见害虫之一。为了更好地在实验室内饲养此害虫,获得大量供试虫源,研究了补充不同营养对茶银尺蠖成虫寿命和产卵量的影响。结果表明,成虫补充10%蜂蜜水和10%糖水时,雌成虫平均单雌产卵量显著提高,分别为(152.5±16.83)粒和(177.5±19.01)粒;产卵期显著延长,分别为(17.8±1.08) d和(21.4±1.27) d。补充不同营养对雌成虫产卵期和产卵后期有显著影响,但对产卵前期影响不显著。补充10%糖水时,雌成虫的寿命最长,为(29.1±1.41) d,显著高于其他处理;而在10%蜂蜜水、水和对照处理下,雌成虫寿命分别为(23.8±1.15)、(14.4±0.48)、(6.3±0.37) d。补充10%糖水和10%蜂蜜水时,雄成虫的寿命分别为(21.3±0.93) d和(19.5±1.20) d,显著高于水和空白对照处理。在每个处理下,雌成虫的寿命均高于雄成虫。综上所述,10%糖水可作为成虫补充营养的最佳选择。     

Identification and evaluation of high nitrogen nutrition efficiency in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) germplasm

To establish identification and evaluation methods of N (nitrogen) absorption and utilization of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), difference of N nutrition efficiency (NNE) among rapeseed germplasms and relationship between NNE and plant traits under various N application rates were analyzed in this research. Pot cultivating experiments were conducted to investigate NNE with 3 ​N application rates in soil (0.05, 0.2 and 0.3 ​g/kg). A total of 12 rapeseed germplasms were planted, nitrogen absorption efficiency (NAE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in seedling stage, bolting stage, initial flowering stage, final flowering stage, and maturity stage were obtained. Results showed that bolting stage was the best period for NAE identification and evaluation. Low N application rate in soil (0.05 ​g/kg) was the best for NAE, and the indirect indexes were basal stem diameter, plant root dry weight and above ground plant dry weight. Maturity stage was the best period for NUE identification and evaluation. High N application rate in soil (0.3 ​g/kg) was the best for NUE, and indirect indexes were above ground plant dry weight and basal stem diameter. N application rates of 0.05 ​g/kg in soil was the best for nitrogen harvest index at maturity stage, and indirect indexes was number of pods per plant. Plant traits of rapeseed germplasms affected NNE. Higher basal stem diameter, plant root dry weight and above ground plant dry weight at bolting stage under low N application rate were important characteristics of N absorption in rapeseed. Higher above ground plant dry weight and basal stem diameter at maturity stage under high N application rate were important characteristics of N utilization. Higher number of pods per plant at maturity stage under lowe N application rate was an important characteristic of N harvest index. These results provided a reliable index for N management and provided theoretical basis for guiding rapeseed breeding.     

Response of industrial hemp to Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities under organic and conventional fertilisation

A 2-year field study was conducted to determine the effects of different nutrition systems and Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities on industrial hemp yield and its components. Experiments were conducted as a split plot in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Factors were fertilisation (poultry manure, vermicompost and nitrogen fertiliser) as the main plot and weed density (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants/m²) as the subplot. Results indicated that the maximum number of racemes per plant, seeds per raceme, 1000-seed weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index (HI) of industrial hemp were obtained using vermicompost and were reduced with nitrogen fertiliser application. All measured properties in hemp plants decreased due to increasing S. kali subsp. tragus density, especially at 15 and 20 plants/m². The most significant reduction in hemp grain yield and its components was observed by increasing weed density with the application of nitrogen fertiliser. The application of vermicompost at high weed densities resulted in greater hemp grain yield and its components compared with nitrogen fertiliser. It is recommended to apply organic fertilisers, especially vermicompost at high S. kali subsp. tragus densities.